Ainsworth

Question 1

what is the aim of this study?

Answer 1

to observe attachment security in children within context of caregiver relationship

Question 2

key findings of this study?

Answer 2

identified 3 types of attachment:
1. secure
2. avoidant
3. resistant

Question 2

who were the participants?

Answer 2

100 middle classed American families and their infants of 9-18 months

Question 3

separation anxiety in secure attachment infants

Answer 3

infant is distressed

Question 3

what are the 8 stages in this method

Answer 3

1+2 - mum and infant go in room to get used to it before the observations begin
3- mum is in room and stranger enters
4- mu leaves and stranger tries to interact with the infant
5- mum returns (reunion is recorded)
6- mum leaves room and infant is left alone (separation anxiety is recorded)
7- instead of mum, stranger returns (stranger anxiety is recorded)
8- mu re-enters room and stranger leaves (reunion behaviour is recorded)

Question 4

how did Ainsworth believe attachments were formed?

Answer 4

by early childhood experiences which can affect relationships and behaviour for the rest of their lives

Question 5

separation anxiety in avoidant attachment infants

Answer 5

infant is unbothered (none)

Question 6

separation anxiety in resistant attachment infants

Answer 6

infant is in extreme distress

Question 7

stranger anxiety in secure attachment infants

Answer 7

avoidant when alone and friendly when mum present

Question 8

stranger anxiety in avoidant attachment infants

Answer 8

is okay with strangers and plays normally

Question 9

stranger anxiety in resistant attachment infants

Answer 9

avoids stranger and shows fear

Question 10

reunion behaviour in secure attachment infants

Answer 10

positive and happy on return

Question 11

reunion behaviour in avoidant attachment infants

Answer 11

infants show little interest

Question 12

% of kids with secure attachment

Answer 12

70%

Question 12

reunion behaviour in resistant attachment infants

Answer 12

approaches but resists contact

Question 13

% of kids with avoidant attachment

Answer 13

15%

Question 14

% of kids with resistant attachment

Answer 14

15%

Question 15

what is secure attachment

Answer 15

• positive working model
• attachment figure is available to meet their needs

Question 16

what is insecure attachment (avoidant and resistant)

Answer 16

• thinks they are unworthy of love caused by a rejecting primary giver
• primary care giver ignored emotional needs

Question 17

contribution to psychology

Answer 17

Ainsworth findings provided first evidence for bowlbys theory of internal working model of attachment relationships

Question 18

limitations to the study

Answer 18

• procedure is culturally biased
• low population validity

Question 19

how is this procedure culturally biased?

Answer 19

based on US values and families, doesn’t correlate to other cultures

Question 20

how does this procedure have a low population validity

Answer 20

sample of 100 middle class us families, unlikely that findings represent the wider population

Question 21

what is the cross cultural patterns of attachment called

Answer 21

ljzendoorm and kroonenburg

Question 22

what is the aim of ljzendoorm and kroonenburg

Answer 22

to investigate how attachment works in different cultures

Question 23

what are the 2 types of different cultures

Answer 23

individualists and collectivists

Question 24

what're the characteristics of individualist culture

Answer 24

- values independence - works towards own goals

Question 25

what're the characteristics of collectivist cultures

Answer 25

- values cooperation - works towards family/community goals

Question 26

what attachment is most common among cultures

Answer 26

secure

Question 27

which country had the highest secure attachment

Answer 27

Great Britain

Question 28

which country had the lowest secure attachment

Answer 28

China

Question 29

what type of countries are individualists

Answer 29

western countries like USA and Europe

Question 30

what type of cultures are collectivists

Answer 30

Eastern countries like Japan and Israel

Question 31

what attachment do individualists show high levels of

Answer 31

anxious attachment ( parents seek non clingy independent children)

Question 32

what attachment do collectivists cultures show high levels of

Answer 32

resistant attachment