Air And Water Flashcards
(48 cards)
Percentage of nitrogen
78%
Percentage of oxygen
21%
Percentage of argon
0.9%
Percentage of carbon dioxide
0.04%
Fraction distillation of air
1) air has to be condensed into a liquid at -200c
2) at -200c, CO2 and H2O are solids so they can be remove and taken out
3) N2 boils at -196c so it can be removed from the top of the column as a gas
4) at -188c, oxygen is still a liquid so it can be taken out at the bottom of the column
Green house gasses
1) sun emits rays and enter the earth atmosphere
2) heat is absorbed and re-emitted back from the earth surface
3) some heat is reflected back
4) some heat is absorbed by greenhouse gas ie CO2 and CH4 and is trapped in the atmosphere causing the temperature to rise
Human activities carbon dioxide that cause the increase
Burning fossil fuels
Deforestation
Human activities methane
Cattle farming
Rice fields
Landfill sites
Sources of carbon monoxide
Incomplete combustion
Carbon monoxide properties
Colourless, odourless, poisonous
Binds more strongly to haemoglobin in the blood than oxygen and greatly reduces the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry around the body
Effects of carbon monoxide
Headaches , dizziness
Long exposure can lead to death
Sources of carbon dioxide
Combustion of fossil fuels
Respiration of plants and animals
Thermal decomposition of carbonates
Sulfur dioxide
Poisonous odourless and smell of choking smelll
React with water and oxygen forming sulphuric acid
Forming acid rain
Effect of acid rain from nitrogen oxides and sulphuric acid
Damage to vegetation
Corrosion of limestone buildings
Increase metal corrosion
Increase leaching of soil
Kills wildlife
Nitrogen
Nitrogen in the air at high pressure and temperature (car engine) react with oxygen —> nitrogen oxides
Acid rain
Treatment for drinking water - chlorine
Controlled quantities to sterilised the water to kill the harmful bacteria
Treatment for drinking water - fluoride ions
Ie sodium fluoride help protect against tooth decay
Cracking and catalyst required
Bigs molecules —> small molecules
Small Alkanes, alkenes and hydrogen
High pressure and temperature
Hot powered aluminum oxide catalyst
Fractional distillation
Separation of crude oil into simpler mixture due to different boiling points of different hydrocarbons
Process of fractional distillation
Crude oil enters the fractionating column; hot at the bottom and cooler on top
Oil vaporise rising through the column
These vapour condense when they reach the point in the chamber where it is colder than their boiling point
Liquid is led out of the column
Down the fractionating column
Boiling point increases
Viscosity increases
Less flammable
Less volatile
Structural isomerism
Same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Characteristic of homologous series
Same general formula
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
Difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
Define functional group
Group of atoms the determines the physical and chemical properties of the molecule
