Air Law

Question 1

Eurocontrol

Answer 1

Coordinates and plans ATC for all 41 states across Europe.

Question 2

SES

Answer 2

Single European Sky.

Question 3

Permanent seat of ICAO

Answer 3

Montreal

Question 4

Ceiling

Answer 4

Height above ground of lowest layer of cloud covering half of the sky, below 20,000ft.

Question 5

Urgency
- Visual signals when compelled to land but no immediate assistance required

Answer 5

• Switch landing lights on and off
• Switch nav lights on and off (distinctly from regular flashing nav lights)

Question 6

ATC light signals

Answer 6

Question 7

Acknowledging ATC light signals

Answer 7

In day time rock wings (NOT base or final), or move ailerons/rudder if on ground.
At night flash landing lights on and off twice (nav lights if no landing lights).

Question 8

Answer 8

Prohibited to land

Question 9

Answer 9

Precaution when landing due to bad state of manoeuvring area (or other reason)

Question 10

Answer 10

Land, TO and taxy on runways and taxiways only

Question 11

Answer 11

Land and TO on runways only, other manoeuvres not confined to taxiways and runways

Question 12

Answer 12

Gliders in operation

Question 13

Answer 13

This bay

Question 14

Answer 14

Proceed to next marshaller

Question 15

Answer 15

Emergency Stop

Question 16

Answer 16

Open to clenched hand - Engage brakes
Clenched to open hand - Release brakes

Question 17

Answer 17

[Start with hands above head]
Moving hands in - Chocks inserted
Moving hands out - Chocks removed

Question 18

Answer 18

Slow engines on indicated side

Question 19

Answer 19

Move backwards
[Arms rolling in a forwards motion]

Question 20

Answer 20

Affirmative/all clear

Question 21

Answer 21

Negative

Question 22

Answer 22

Hold position/stand by
[arms at 45 degrees downwards]

Question 23

Answer 23

Dispatch aircraft
[Keeps eye contact until taxi commenced]

Question 24

Answer 24

Ground power
Moving fingers up into palm is connect, moving fingers down is disconnect

Question 25

Answer 25

Recommend evacuation

Question 26

Answer 26

Recommend stop

Question 27

Answer 27

All clear

Question 28

Answer 28

Fire

Question 29

Intercepted aircraft signal - "distress"

Answer 29

Irregular switching on and off of lights

Question 30

Transponder code for intercepted aircraft

Answer 30

7700 - unless indicated otherwise by ATSU

Question 31

Intercepted aircraft action with conflicting instructions

Answer 31

Attempt to resolve the conflict with ATSU but follow the intercepting aircraft primarily

Question 32

Area navigation (RNAV)

Answer 32

A method of navigation permitting operation on any desired flight path with use of navaids or onboard equipment. ie. the ability to fly point-to-point, rather than by following radials (VOR, NDB)

Question 33

Required RNAV to fly in ATS routes in Europe

Answer 33

RNP 5 This covers SIDs and STARs This means accuracy within 2.5NM 95% of the time (for a 5NM radius).

Question 34

Objectives of ATSUs

Answer 34

- Prevent collisions between aircraft - Prevent collisions on the ground - Expedite orderly flow of traffic - Provide advice and information for safe and efficient conduct of flight - Search and rescue

Question 35

When are air traffic control services responsible for terrain collission?

Answer 35

Only IFR under radar control (vector)

Question 36

Precision approach CAT I approach lighting

Answer 36

900m extended centreline. 300m crossbar. (30m gaps)

Question 37

Precision approach CAT II/III approach lighting

Answer 37

Extended centreline must extend 900m before threshold at 30m intervals, with additional row of red lights on each side up to 270m (aligned with touchdown lights on runway). Crossbars at 150m and 300m.

Question 38

Runway lead-in lights

Answer 38

Define the approach path. Each group of lights must be visible from the previous with max 1600m gaps. Can be straight or curved. Each group of lights at least 3 flashing lights, ideally flashing in pattern towards runway.

Question 39

3 parts of AIP

Answer 39

1) GEN - General 2) ENR - En-route 3) AD - Aerodromes

Question 40

AIRAC - Description

Answer 40

Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control Required timings for publishing changes (measured in days) e.g. AIP supplements/amendments.

Question 41

Aeronautical Information Circulars (AICs)

Answer 41

Issued monthly Pink: Safety Yellow: Operational matters (inc. ATS) White: Administrative Mauve: Reserved & restricted airspace Green: Maps & charts

Question 42

Obstacle Clearance Volume

Answer 42

An area around departure track where minimum obstacle clearance is guaranteed. Consists of primary area (1/2 the total width) in the middle and secondary area with reduced clearance (1/4 width on either side). Width increases further away from runway, depending on obstacle clearance requirement and departure gradient.

Question 43

Procedure Design Gradient .

Answer 43

This is the gradient of the departure, defaulting to 3.3%, starting at ZERO at end of runway. 3.3% made up of 2.5% gradient of obstacle identification and 0.8% increasing obstacle clearance.

Question 44

Approach segments (5)

Answer 44

Arrival (e.g. STAR - only goes this far!) Initial approach (IAF) Intermediate (IF) Final approach (FAF) Missed approach segment

Question 45

Final Approach Point - description - typical height

Answer 45

FAP is a point on centre line of localiser or MLS azimuth that intersects with the glidescope and the intermediate approach altitude. Normally 300m to 900m above runway elevation.

Question 46

IFR ETA is time at which fix?

Answer 46

IAF (not intermediate fix - IF)

Question 47

Missed approach gradients

Answer 47

Normally based on 2.5% (nominal gradient)

Question 48

Ways MAPt can be identified - precision - non precision (3)

Answer 48

Precision approach: - Intersection of glidepath and DA/H Non-precision approach: - Navigational facility - Fix - Specified distance from FAF

Question 49

Position report contents

Answer 49

- Aircraft Identification - Position - Time Optional based on ATC/regional navigation agreements: - Level - Next position and time over - Ensuing significant point

Question 50

ILS critical area - Sign colouring - Floor markings

Answer 50

Sign is ILS in white on red background. Yellow ladder on floor.

Question 51

RESA

Answer 51

Runway End Safety Area Can be on both ends of runway, designed to reduce damage if aircraft overshoots or undershoots runway.

Question 52

Who gives aircraft registration?

Answer 52

State of Registry, or Common Mark Registering Authority