Aircraft Basic Construction Flashcards by Colette Raina Sendaydiego

defined as any machine that can
derive support in the atmosphere
from the reactions of the air other
than the reactions of the air against
the earth’s surface

aircraft

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Major Categories of Aircraft

Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-Air Vehicles

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Major Components of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Wings, Fuselage, Powerplant, Empennage, Landing Gear

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Primary Flight Controls of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Aileron, Rudder, Elevator

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Secondary Flight Controls of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft

Flaps, Trim Tabs, Balance Tabs, Anti-Balance Tabs, Servo Tabs, Spoilers, Slots, Slats, Leading Edge Flaps

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Major Components of Rotary Aircraft

Airframe, Fuselage, Landing Gear, Transmission, Main Rotor Assembly, Tail Rotor Assembly

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called to any American Air Force Aircraft that is used to transport the president of the United States of America

The Air Force One

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used for as MedEvac, command and control, and air assault; to transport personnel and material; and as gunships

UH-1 Iroquois “Huey”

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all-metal, tricycle-gear airplane
introduced by Cessna Aircraft
Company in 1959

Cessna 150/152

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Four Diverse Forms of Cessna 150/152

Standard, Coach, Commuter, Patroller

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World’s Premier Trainer

Cessna 150

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wings on this type of flying machine are attached to the fuselage and are not intended to move independently in a fashion that results in the creation of lift

Fixed-Wing Aircraft

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Parts of a Helicopter Airframe

fuselage, main rotor, related gearbox, tail rotor, landing gear

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earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of ______ followed by ______ and ______

wood, steel tubing, aluminum

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many newly certified aircraft are built from molded composite materials such as _______

carbon fiber

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The skin of aircraft can also be made from a variety of materials, ranging from

impregnated fabric to plywood, aluminum, or composites

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are airfoils that, when moved rapidly through the air, create lift

wings

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affects the lateral stability of the aircraft

dihedral angle

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provides the structural connection for the wings and tail assembly

fuselage

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French for “single-shell”

monocoque

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Two Types of Fuselage

Truss Type, Monocoque Type

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rigid framework made up of members, such as beams, struts, and bars to resist deformation by applied loads; generally covered with fabric

Truss Type

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relies largely on the strength of the skin or covering to carry the primary loads

Monocoque Type

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Classes of Monocoque Type

Monocoque, Semi-Monocoque

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made up of longeron, diagonal web members, and vertical web members

Truss Type

made up of only skin, former, and bulkhead

Monocoque

heaviest of these structural members are located at intervals to carry concentrated loads and at points where fittings are used to attach other units

Monocoque

made up of longeron, skin bulkhead, and stringer

Semi-Monocoque

typically made of aluminum alloy either of a single piece or a built-up construction; usually extend across several frame members and help the skin support primary bending loads

Longerons

attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer and is used to move the airplane's nose left and right during flight

Rudder

attached to the back of the horizontal stabilizer and is used to move the nose of the airplane up and down during flight

Elevator

small, movable portions of the trailing edge of the control surface; reduces control pressure and are controlled from the flight deck

Trim Tabs

Types of Aircraft Tail

Standard Tail, Twin Tail, T-Tail, V-Butterfly-Tail

primary function is to provide power to turn the propeller; also generates electrical power and provides vacuum source for some flight instruments

engine

usually includes both engine and propeller

Powerplant

provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers

engine

streamlines the flow of air around the engine and helps cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders

nacelle or cowling

Propeller Location

Tractor, Pusher

Engine Number

Single engine, Double engine, Triple engine, Four (multiple) engine

Engine Type

Turbojet, Turboprop, Turboshaft, Turbofan (low-bypass), Turbofan (high-bypass), Ramjet

principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or landing

Landing Gear

Landing gear with a rear mounted wheel; sometimes referred to as tailwheel airplanes

conventional landing gear

permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground

steerable nosewheel or tailwheel

Classifications of Landing Gear

Skid, Take-off Trolley, Track, Ski, Air-Cushion, Floater

Landing Gear Arrangements

Single Main, Bicycle, Quadricycle, Tricycle, Tail-Gear, Multi-Bogey, Releasable Rail, Skid

Non-Shock Absorbing Landing Gear

Leaf type spring gear, Rigid, Bungee cord

Non-shock absorbing struts made from steel, aluminum, or composite material transfer the impact forces of landing to the airframe at a non-damaging rate

Leaf type spring gear

Shock load transfer to the airframe is direct with this design; uses pneumatic tires; no cord

Rigid

tires that aids in softening impact loads

pneumatic tires

Shock load transfer to the airframe is direct with this design; uses pneumatic tires; positioned between the rigid airframe structure and the flexing gear assembly to take up the loads and return them to the airframe at a non-damaging rate

Bungee Cord

self-contained hydraulic units that support an aircraft while on the ground and protect the structure during landing

shock struts

consists of two telescoping tubes with sealed ends; partially filled with hydraulic fluid and partially with compressed air or nitrogen

oleo-pneumatic (air-oil) shock strut

Types of Specialized Landing Gear

Rough Field, Soft Field

attached to the trailing edge of both wings and when moved, rotate the aircraft around the longitudinal axis

ailerons

attached to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer; when moved, alters the aircraft pitch

elevator

attitude about the horizontal or lateral axis

aircraft pitch

hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer; when it changes position, the aircraft rotates about the vertical axis

rudder

controls yaw, along vertical axis

rudder

controls pitch, along lateral axis

elevator

controls roll, along longitudinal axis

aileron

produce lift as the result of the aircraft’s speed and the shape of the wing which is not always static

wings

aircraft that generates forward thrust

fixed-wing aircraft

Wings blended into the fuselage generates more lift and less drag

blended wing bodies

opposite of the flying wing that it incorporates a fuselage that produces lift; basically a huge wing with no fuselage

lifting body

designed without a tail nor definite fuselage

flying wing aircrafts

aircraft that generates vertical thrust

rotary wing aircraft

engine-powered propeller to produce thrust and an unpowered rotor which is driven by autorotation

Autogyros

generate vertical take-off and landing but they utilize propellers that are mounted on small wings to create forward flight and act as anti-torque device against the rotary blades

Gyrodyne

not powered by an engine and needed to be dropped from another aircraft; once dropped, it uses autorotation to keep aloft

rotor kite

can be made of either metal, wood, or composite materials, or some combination of the two

airframe

powerplant used for rotary aircraft also ranges from _____________ type of engines

piston to gas turbine

commonly designed landing gear for rotary aircraft

skids

rotating part of the rotary aircraft that generates lift

main rotor assembly

primarily composed of the stabilizers and anti-torque rotor that produces thrust to oppose torque of main rotor; responsible for yaw of rotary aircraft

tail rotor assembly

flight control inputs of a rotary aircraft

collective lever, cyclic stick, anti-torque pedals

located in the inboard trailing edge of wings; extends the camber of the wing for greater lift and slower flight; allows control at low speeds for short field takeoffs and landings

flaps, leading edge flap

reduces the force needed to move a primary control surface

trim tabs, balance tabs

increases feel and effectiveness of primary control surface

anti-balance tabs

assists or provides the force for moving a primary flight control

servo tabs

decreases lift; can augment aileron function

spoilers

located in the mid to outboard leading edge of wing; extends the camber of the wing for greater lift and slower flight; allows control at low speeds for short field takeoffs and landings

slats

directs air over upper surface of wing during high angle of attack; lowers stall speed and provides control during slow flight

slots

Aircraft Basic Construction Flashcards

(82 cards)