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Aircraft Instruments Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Instrument ‘Six Pack’?

A

The Instrument ‘Six Pack’ refers to a set of six primary flight instruments used in aircraft.

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2
Q

What does the Altimeter measure?

A

The Altimeter measures the altitude of the aircraft.

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3
Q

What does the VSI stand for?

A

VSI stands for Vertical Speed Indicator.

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4
Q

What are gyroscopic instruments?

A

Gyroscopic instruments use the principle of a gyroscope to operate.

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5
Q

What is required for the heading indicator?

A

The heading indicator must be aligned with the magnetic compass, a process known as slaving.

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6
Q

How often must the heading indicator be slaved?

A

The heading indicator must be slaved every 10 to 15 minutes.

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7
Q

What does FAR 91.205 state about the magnetic direction indicator?

A

FAR 91.205 states that a magnetic direction indicator is not required.

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8
Q

What is needed if a magnetic direction indicator is not present?

A

If a magnetic direction indicator is not present, a magnetic direction indicator is needed.

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9
Q

What does the attitude indicator measure?

A

The attitude indicator measures pitch and bank in relation to the horizon.

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10
Q

What do the ticks highlighted in black on the attitude indicator represent?

A

The ticks represent the degrees of bank or roll you are performing.

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11
Q

What does the mobile part of the attitude indicator indicate?

A

The mobile part indicates the pitch of the aircraft by 5 degrees.

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12
Q

Are attitude indicators required for VFR flights according to FAR 91.205?

A

No, attitude indicators are not required for VFR flights.

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13
Q

What are the two instruments that are gyroscopic?

A

The turn coordinator and the turn and slip indicator are gyroscopic instruments.

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14
Q

What is a gyroscopic instrument?

A

A gyroscopic instrument includes the attitude indicator, heading indicator, and turn coordinator.

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15
Q

What is the Turn and Slip Indicator?

A

The Turn and Slip Indicator shows the rate of turn and helps maintain coordinated flight.

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16
Q

How does the Turn and Slip Indicator operate?

A

It operates using a gyroscope and is powered by electricity via a vacuum system.

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17
Q

What does the Turn and Slip Indicator indicate?

A

It indicates whether the aircraft is turning to the right or left.

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18
Q

What is the significance of keeping the needle centered?

A

If you keep the needle on the center, you can turn 360 degrees in 2 minutes.

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19
Q

What is the rate of turn in degrees per second called?

A

3 degrees per second is called the standard rate turn.

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20
Q

What does the acronym ATOMATUFLAMES stand for?

A

It stands for required instruments and equipment for flight.

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21
Q

What instruments are included in FAR 91.205?

A

Instruments include airspeed indicator, altimeter, magnetic direction indicator, and temperature gauges.

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22
Q

What is required for each engine according to FAR 91.205?

A

Each engine must have an oil pressure gauge and a temperature gauge.

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23
Q

What is required for fuel tanks according to FAR 91.205?

A

There must be fuel gauges for each tank.

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24
Q

What safety equipment is required for passengers?

A

5 seat belts for anyone on board.

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25
What should you memorize for PPL Oral examination?
Memorize the ATOMATUFLAMES acronym and the requirements under FAR 91.205.
26
What is the function of the Tum Coordinator?
It tells us if we are rolling or banking and at what rate of turn.
27
What is an Inclinometer?
A tube with a glass ball in it, also called the slip/skid indicator.
28
What indicates a coordinated turn?
The nose of the aircraft is in line with the direction of the turn.
29
What is used to correct slip/skids?
Rudder.
30
What are the primary flight instruments in the Pitot-Static system?
1. Airspeed Indicator 2. Altimeter 3. Vertical Speed Indicator.
31
What is static air pressure?
Ambient air pressure caused by the atmosphere, always present regardless of altitude.
32
How does altitude affect static air pressure?
Lower altitude = higher static air pressure; higher altitude = lower static air pressure.
33
What is the average air pressure at sea level?
29.92 inches of mercury.
34
What is the Pitot-Static System?
The combination of static and dynamic air pressure.
35
What does the altimeter use to sense static pressure?
The altimeter uses the static ports to sense the static pressure outside the aircraft.
36
How does static pressure affect the altimeter reading?
Static pressure decreases by 1 inch of mercury for every 1,000 feet, which affects the altitude reading.
37
What is the function of static ports?
Static ports are unaffected by dynamic pressure as they are on the side of the aircraft.
38
What does the Vertical Speed Indicator use?
The Vertical Speed Indicator also uses the static port to allow air in or out to sense pressure differences.
39
What can affect the accuracy of the airspeed indicator?
Weird angles can affect the accuracy of the airspeed indicator because the pitot tube cannot get air.
40
How must you correct calibrated airspeed?
You must correct your calibrated airspeed by using the chart in the Pitot.
41
What does the pitot tube receive?
The pitot tube receives ram air.
42
What is pressure altitude?
The height of something above the standard atmosphere. ## Footnote Average pressure is 29.42 inches of mercury.
43
How is pressure altitude determined?
By adjusting the altimeter to 29.42 inches of mercury.
44
What happens to aircraft performance at higher pressure altitudes?
Performance is significantly reduced due to lack of oxygen.
45
What is density altitude?
Measured altitude corrected for non-standard temperatures.
46
How do temperature changes affect air molecules?
As temperatures rise, air molecules are spread apart, reducing air pressure.
47
What are the effects of high temperatures on aircraft performance?
Low air pressure leads to poor aircraft performance due to fewer air molecules available for lift.
48
What is the formula to calculate density altitude?
Density altitude = pressure altitude + temperature.
49
What is indicated altitude affected by?
Indicated altitude is affected by temperature.
50
What is the calibration temperature for an altimeter?
The altimeter is calibrated at 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit).
51
How does temperature above 15 degrees Celsius affect altimeter readings?
Temperatures above 15 degrees Celsius cause the altimeter to indicate a higher altitude than reality.
52
Why is it dangerous for landings when the temperature is above 15 degrees Celsius?
It can lead to a misjudgment of altitude, making the aircraft appear higher than it actually is.
53
What does the phrase 'From high to low, look out below' refer to?
It indicates that when descending from high altitude to low altitude, one should be cautious.
54
What will an altimeter read if you set the Kollsman window to 29.92 in a non-standard day?
It will read pressure altitude.
55
How does temperature affect the indicated altitude on the altimeter?
Cold temperatures cause the altitude indicator to read higher than the true altitude.
56
What happens to indicated altitude in warm temperatures?
Indicated altitude would appear lower compared to true altitude.
57
What is the May Cempass-H33-Arcaft Trumant?
It is a magnetic compass that serves as an essential navigational aid used in tandem with heading indices.
58
What happens to magnetic force lines as you approach the poles?
The magnetic force lines dip towards the Earth's core.
59
What is Magnetic Dip?
Magnetic dip refers to the angle at which magnetic field lines enter the Earth, with dip poles located on the compass card.
60
Where are the magnetic dip poles located?
They are currently closer to the North Pole (Northern Hemisphere).
61
What are Acceleration Errors in a compass?
Acceleration errors occur when the compass card is affected by inertia during acceleration or deceleration.
62
What happens to the compass card during acceleration?
During acceleration, the compass card is pulled north, indicating a turn to the north.
63
What happens to the compass card during deceleration?
During deceleration, the compass card's weight will cause it to tilt south.
64
How do acceleration errors affect compass readings?
Acceleration errors do not affect readings when heading north or south because the compass aligns with the direction of travel.
65
What is the effect of location on compass dip?
At the Equator, there is no compass dip; in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere, there is compass dip.
66
What does the magnetic compass indicate when flying north?
The compass will indicate the north heading you need to fly. ## Footnote This means you will have to go past the heading based on the latitude you want to fly.
67
How do you calculate the heading adjustment for latitude?
You add 150 plus half the latitude. For example, if the latitude is 40°, then 150 + 20° = 170°. ## Footnote 15° + 20° = 35°; you will need to fly 35° past the heading you initially intended.
68
What should you do if you overshoot the turn to the south?
You'll need to end the turn early by 15° to correct for turning errors. ## Footnote This applies to east-west headings.
69
What is the Turning Error Acronym?
The acronym is 'under shoot' for north and 'overshoot' for south. ## Footnote This indicates the opposite behavior in the respective hemispheres.
70
What is magnetic variation?
It is the angle between magnetic north and true north. ## Footnote You must account for magnetic variation in your heading.
71
How do you find magnetic variation?
You can find magnetic variation from isogonic lines on aeronautical charts.
72
What is the compass variation for flight planning?
East and west variation must be accounted for in flight planning.
73
How do you calculate true heading with variation?
To fly a true heading of 090, if the magnetic variation is 49W, the calculation is 090 + 49 = 139.
74
What is required for every aircraft regarding compass deviation?
Every aircraft should have a compass deviation card.
75
What does FAR 91.205 state about instruments?
FAR 91.205 states that a compass is a required instrument.
76
What are digital flight instruments commonly referred to?
Digital flight instruments are commonly referred to as the 'six pack'.
77
Where are the primary flight display (PFD) instruments located?
The PFD instruments are located to the right of the pilot in the cockpit.
78
What are the key instruments included in the 'six pack'?
The key instruments include the airspeed indicator, attitude indicator, altimeter, and magnetic compass.
79
Are flight instruments required in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions?
Flight instruments are not required in VFR conditions but are required in instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions.
80
What is the compass variation for flight planning?
East and west variation must be accounted for in flight planning.
81
How do you calculate true heading with variation?
To fly a true heading of 090, if the magnetic variation is 49W, the calculation is 090 + 49 = 139.
82
What is required for every aircraft regarding compass deviation?
Every aircraft should have a compass deviation card.
83
What does FAR 91.205 state about instruments?
FAR 91.205 states that a compass is a required instrument.
84
What are digital flight instruments commonly referred to?
Digital flight instruments are commonly referred to as the 'six pack'.
85
Where are the primary flight display (PFD) instruments located?
The PFD instruments are located to the right of the pilot in the cockpit.
86
What are the key instruments included in the 'six pack'?
The key instruments include the airspeed indicator, attitude indicator, altimeter, and magnetic compass.
87
Are flight instruments required in visual flight rules (VFR) conditions?
Flight instruments are not required in VFR conditions but are required in instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions.

Private Pilot (11 decks)

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