aircraft structures and landing gears Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
airfoils that move rapidly through the air, create lift
A
wings
2
Q
plane with one wing
A
monoplane
3
Q
plane with two wings
A
biplane
4
Q
plane with three wings
A
triplane
5
Q
formula of aspect ratio
A
span/chord
6
Q
span greater than chord
A
high aspect ratio
7
Q
chord greater than span
A
low aspect ratio
8
Q
measure of how long and slender the wing appears from below
A
aspect ratio
9
Q
wings of an aircraft can be attached to the fuselage where?
A
top, mid-fuselage, or at the bottom
10
Q
wings attached at the bottom of the fuselage
A
low wing
11
Q
advantage/s of low wing
A
- easy to refuel
- better visibility above at the sides of aircrafts
- better ground effect which increase lift and reduces drag when it’s nearer to the surface
12
Q
disadvantage/s of low wing
A
low passenger visibility
13
Q
attached at the mid portion of the fuselage
A
mid wing
14
Q
used by military aircraft
A
mid wing
15
Q
advantage/s of mid wing
A
- better rolling
- less interference drag
- allow to carry weapons
16
Q
disadvantage/s of midwing
A
- occupies lot of useful fuselage volume
17
Q
attached at the top of the fuselage
A
high wing
18
Q
advantage/s of high wing
A
- better visibility
- lots of space for ground staff during maintenance
19
Q
disadvantage/s of high wing
A
difficult to refuel
20
Q
short, nearly vertical supports that are attached to the wings a great distance from the fuselage
A
jury struts
21
Q
Strongest wing structure which attached directly to the fuselage and does not have any type of external stress bearing structure
A
full cantilever
22
Q
Usually has one or two supporting wires or struts attached on each wing and fuselage.
A
semi cantilever
23
Q
Typical of a biplane ( two wings placed one above the other ) with its struts and wires.
A
externally braced
24
Q
may be straight or curved, or one edge may be straight and the other curved
A
trailing edge and leading edge
25
internal structure of wings are made up of
spars and stringers spanwise, and formers or bulkheads running chordwise (leading edge to trailing edge)
26
principal structural members of a wing
spars
27
support all distributed loads, as well as concentrated weights such as the fuselage, landing gear, and engines
spars
28
carries part of the loads imposed during flight
skin
29
transfers the stresses to the wing ribs
skin
30
in turn, transfer the loads to the wing spars
ribs
31
incorporates only one main spanwise or longitudinal member in its construction.
monospar
32
ribs or bulkheads supply the necessary contour or shape to the airfoil here
monospar
33
incorporates more than one main longitudinal member in its construction. To give the wing contour, ribs or bulkheads are often included.
multispar
34
wing construction uses two main longitudinal members with connecting bulkheads to furnish additional strength and to give contour to the wing.
box beam
35
two sections of a spar
top section and bottom section
36
what consists of top section
cap riveted to the upper web plate
37
what consists of lower section
single extrusion consisting of the lower cap and web plate.
38
structural crosspieces that combine with spars and stringers to make up the framework of the wing.
ribs
39
where do ribs extend from
wing leading edge to the rear spar or to the trailing edge of the wing.
40
what does the ribs give to the wing
cambered shape and transmit the load from the skin and stringers to the spars.
41
ribs are also used where
ailerons, elevators, rudders, and stabilizers
42
designed to carry part of the flight and ground loads in combination with the spars and ribs.
wing skin
43
may be made from a wide variety of
materials such as fabric, wood, or aluminum.
wing skin
44
kind of skin that can provide skin of varied thickness
Chemically milled aluminum skin
45
are streamlined enclosures used primarily to house the engine and its components.
nacelles
46
other name for nacelles
pods
47
They usually present a round or elliptical profile to the wind thus reducing aerodynamic drag.
nacelles
48
rigid structure used to hold the heavy aircraft engine in its place and position under or over an aircraft's wings.
pylon
49
incorporated to isolate the engine compartment from the rest of the aircraft.
firewall
50
stainless steel or titanium bulkhead that contains a fire in the confines of the nacelle rather than letting it spread throughout the airframe.
firewall
51
These are the structural assemblies to which the engine is fastened. They are usually constructed from chrome/molybdenum steel tubing in light
aircraft and forged chrome/nickel/ molybdenum assemblies in larger aircraft.
engine mounts
52
detachable panels covering those areas into which access must be gained regularly, such as the engine and its accessories.
cowling
53
It is designed to provide a smooth airflow over the nacelle and to protect the engine from damage.
cowling
54
also known as the tail sect
empennage
55
what does most empennage design consist of
tail cone, fixed aerodynamic surfaces or stabilizers, and movable aerodynamic surfaces.
56
fixed surfaces on an empennage
horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer
57
moveable surfaces on an empennage
rudder, elevator
58
two major groups of flight control surfaces
primary or main flight control surfaces and secondary or auxiliary flight control
59
directional control of a fixed-wing aircraft takes place around what axes?
lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes
60
what are the primary flight control surfaces
ailerons, elevator, rudder
61
are attached to the trailing edge of both wings and when moved, rotate the aircraft around the longitudinal axis.
ailerons
62
is attached to the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer. When it is moved, it alters aircraft pitch, which is the attitude about the horizontal or lateral axis.
elevator
63
hinged to the trailing edge of the vertical stabilizer. the aircraft rotates about the
vertical axis (yaw). shows the primary flight controls of a light aircraft and the movement they create relative to the three axes of flight.
rudder
64
most common high-lift devices used on aircraft. These surfaces, which are attached to the trailing edge of the wing, increase both lift and induced drag for any given AOA.
flaps
65
increases the angle of attack at which the wing will maintain its laminar airflow, resulting in the ability to fly the aircraft slower and still maintain control.
slats
66
is a device found on the upper surface of many heavy and high-performance aircraft. It is stowed flush to the wing’s upper surface. When deployed, it rises up into the airstream and disrupts the laminar airflow of the wing, thus reducing
spoiler
67
similar to flight spoilers in construction can also be found on the upper surface of the wings of heavy and high-performance
speed brakes
68
force of the air against a control surface during the high speed of flight can make it difficult to move and hold that control surface in the deflected position.
tabs
69
to maintain a uniform flight path and recover from the various upsetting forces. Also, to achieve the best performance, the aircraft must have the proper response to the movement of
the controls.
stability
70
pilot action of moving the flight controls, providing the aerodynamic force that induces the aircraft to follow a desired flight path. When an aircraft is said to be controllable, it means that the aircraft responds easily and promptly to movement of the controls.
control
71
when is an aircraft in a state of equilibrium?
when the sum of all the forces acting on the aircraft and all the moments is equal to zero
72
Is the initial tendency of an aircraft to return to its original position when it's disturbed.
static stability
73
exists when the disturbed object tends to return to equilibrium.
positive static stability
74
exists when the disturbed object tends to continue in the direction of disturbance.
negative static stability
75
exists when the disturbed object has neither tendency, but remains in equilibrium in the direction of disturbance.
neutral static stability
76
Is how the airplane responds over time to a disturbance.
dynamic stability
77
deals with the resulting motion with time.
static stability
78
motion about the aircraft’s longitudinal (fore and aft) axis is a lateral, or rolling, motion. The tendency to return to the original attitude from such motion is this.
lateral stability
79
occurs when the angle of attack becomes so great that the laminar airflow separates from the surface of an airfoil, leaving an area of burbling that destroys the low-pressure area normally existing at the upper surface of a wing in flight.
stall
80
how does the stall warning activate
wing is nearly stalled, the upward airflow moves the vane
