AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES/ Design DEFINITIONS Flashcards
1
Q
removable panel for inspection or
maintenance
A
Access panel
2
Q
near of in the direction of the rear of the
aircraft
A
Aft
3
Q
the study of how the moving body (aircraft)
interacts with air flowing around it, flies
A
Aerodynamics
4
Q
the point of application for additional
aerodynamic loads
A
Aerodynamic centre
5
Q
the study how to f ind measures against flutter
(undamped vibration in the structure due to
aerodynamic loads
A
Aeroelasticity
6
Q
wing-section
A
Airfoil
7
Q
extra injection of fuel in extra combustion
chamber between the turbine and the nozzle of
the engine; creates a higher thrust
A
Afterburner
8
Q
strengthening at room temperature of a
quenched metal alloy by very small and
uniformly dispersed particles that precipitate
from supersaturated solution
A
Age hardening, ageing
9
Q
decrease of mechanical properties of polymer
matrix composites or adhesives by exposure to
a wet environment
A
Ageing
10
Q
control surface for aircraft rolling
A
Aileron
11
Q
main components which carry all the loads
A
Airframe
12
Q
passage in passenger cabin between rows of
chairs
A
Aisle
13
Q
maximum stress level allowed in a structure
(so that it does not deform plastically or break)
A
Allowable stress
14
Q
the combination of several metal components
A
Alloy
14
Q
the angle between the chord line of a wing or
other aerodynamic surface and the oncoming
air
A
Angle of attack
15
Q
Anhedral (negative Dihedral)
A
a wing in a reverse v-form
16
Q
the ratio of wing span to average chord, an
indication of the slenderness of a wing
A
Aspect ratio
17
Q
system to generate electric power when the
engines are not running
A
Auxiliary power unit
18
Q
an extra beam in the root in the wing for
extra strength
A
Auxiliary spar
19
Q
a structural member loaded at an angle (often
at a right angle) to its length
A
Beam
20
Q
used for bolted or riveted joints – load/bolt
diameter times material thickness
A
Bearing stress
21
Q
the product of a force and its moment arm
A
Bending moment
22
Q
aircraft with an upper and lower wing on top
of each other
A
Biplane
23
Q
an impact of a bird on the structure
A
Bird strike
24
one half of a propellor
Blade
25
joining member consisting of head and stem
using a nut to tighten it
Bolt
26
method of joining using adhesive material
(polymeric material with suff icient strength to
transfer load)
Bonding or adhesive bonding
27
strengthening wire to support a structure,
generally loaded in tension
Brace
28
small f itting or support to attach system parts
Bracket
29
system attached to the wheels to slow down
or stop the airplane when on the ground
Brake
30
out of plane bending, followed by crushing of
material under compressive loads
Buckling
31
a panel separating areas in the structure
Bulkhead
32
the curved line precisely between the upper
and lower skin of an airfoil
Camber
33
an arrangement of foreplanes and win, rather
than the conventional wing and horizontal
tailplane
Canard
34
a beam supported only at the end (wing root)
Cantilever (full cantilever)
35
point of balance of the mass of the aircraft
(component)
Centre of gravity
36
the centroid of the pressure distribution
Centre of pressure
37
line connecting geometric middle points of
cross sections of the aircraft structure
Centre-line of aircraft
38
line connecting geometric middle points of
cross sections of the aircraft structure
Centre wingbox
39
a resulting force by spinning a mass around
Centrifugal force
40
small angles or simple sheet metal parts for
(shear) connection of various parts
Clips and Cleats
41
the distance between the leading and trailing
edge of a wing section
Chord
42
the covers around the engine
Cowling
43
an imaginary line jointing the leading and
trailing edge of a wing section
Chord line
44
stress or force that tends to push material
together
Compression
45
part of the jet engine where the air coming
form the inlet is brought to a higher pressure
Compressor
46
attack of the material by an unwanted
chemical reaction (oxidation)
Corrosion
47
a wing in a triangular planform
Delta wing
48
structures that have different curvatures in
two directions of various directions
Double curvature
49
wing in a v-shape
Dihedral
50
holes in the structure to remove water
accumulated during flight
Drain holes
51
point where elastic elongation changes in
plastic elongation
Elastic limit
52
control surface for pitch
Elevator
53
control surface for pitch and roll
Elevons (Elevators- Aileron)
54
the rear section of the body of the airplane
with stabilisers
Empennage
55
principle of maintaining adequate performance
after some degree of damage or degradation
has occured
Fail safe
56
plastic deformation or breaking of a structure
Failure
57
non-structural transition part between
components to create an aerodynamic smooth
shape and low drag
Fairings
58
certif ication
procedures and airwothiness standards of the
US government (FAA)
FAR
59
means for mechanically joining parts (bolted
and riveted joints)
Fasteners
60
failure, at relatively low stress levels, of
structures that are subjected of fluctuating and
cyclic stress
Fatigue
61
vertical stabilizer, tailplane
fin
62
numerical method of calculation by
discretisation a continuum into a f inite number
of parts (elements)
Finite element method
62
generally heavily loaded part or f ixture to
attach system or other part to a structure
Fitting
63
the movable part at the trailing edge of the
wing which, when extended and / or deflected,
increase the lift
Flap
64
the surface which combines the control
function of flaps and ailerons
Flaperon
65
place where the pilots fly the airplane
Flight Deck
66
a horizontal stabilizing and control surface
forward of the wing (see canard)
Foreplane
67
Airloadson the skin distort the airframe, but the structure is said to be aero-elastic if it absorbs loads with out breakage and returns to its original shape when they are removed.
Aero-elasticity
68
a technique used mainly to reduce the aero-elastic bending of wings.
Bending relief
69
a fully equipped operational airplane, empty for example without crew, fuel or payload.
aircraft prepared for service weight (APS weight)
70
standard empty weight plus optional equipment.
Basic empty weight
71
weight of a standard aeroplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids and full oil.
Standard empty weight
72
maximum power permissible for take-off
TOP
73
Actual atmospheric pressure at field elevation.
Station Pressure
74
a regular short period oscillation in yaw and roll
Dutch Roll
75
a high frequency oscillation usually caused by the interaction of aerodynamic forces and the natural frequencies of control surfaces and structure.
Flutter
76
the angle between the datum line of the aircraft from nose to tail, and the chord line of an aerofoil section
Angle of incidence
77
total pressure = static + dynamic pressure, p + q = C
Bernoulli’s Law
78
Shaking and thumping of the aircraft caused by turbulent lumps of agitated air left behind in the wake.
Buffet
79
Motion of the air or water along a curved path. Circulation produces lift.
Circulation
80
the angle subtended between the chord lines of biplane wings, and between wings and stabiliser
Decalage
81
the vertical distance between the wings of a biplane
Gap
82
the magnitude of the aerodynamic twisting effect exerted at the hinge of a control or flap surface.
Hinge moment
83
causes loss of power and mechanical shocks that can cause engine failure.
Detonation
84
Setting the blades of a stopped propeller at zero angle of attack, so as to reduce drag to the minimum by preventing windmilling.
Feathering
85
a form of pump which compresses the air supplied to the cylinders, to be mixed with fuel so as to maintain power to higher altitudes.
Supercharger and Turbo(super)charger
86
the relative airflow past an aircraft
Slipstream
87
the relationship between control surface movement and the movement of the control in the cockpit
Gearing
88
when it feels as if it is connected to a spring, which must be compressed or extended before the control surface begins to move.
Spongy
88
a regular short period oscillation in yaw and roll
Dutch Roll
89
the indicated of the aeroplane, corrected for position and instrument error.
calibrated airspeed (CAS)
89
flight with a component of airflow from the side
Sideslip
90
Controls are said to be well harmonisedwhen forces and deflections, and the response of the aircraft to them, are such that the pilot is not aware of having to use too much or too little effort.
Harmonisation
91
turbulence
Gust
92
the measure of material’s resistance to
deformations by surface indentation or by
abrasion
Hardness
93
treatment to improve the material properties
(mechanical properties, formability, corrosion
resistance)
Heat treatment of metals
94
device to create higher lift
High lift device
95
the core material, between face sheets of a
sandwich structure, with the shape of the six
sided wall shape made by the honeybee
Honeycomb
96
a movable joint with one (or more) degree(s)
of freedom
Hinge
97
the strain is equal to the stress divided by the
Young’s modulus
Hooke’s law
98
a body’s resistance to a change in its motion
as a result of an applied acceleration
Inertia
99
the main stringer in the fuselage or
longitudinal beam
Longeron
100
the high force which will be one time load the
structure at which no plastic deformation
should occur
Limit load
101
the front of the wing or tail plane
Leading edge
102
the forces which are caused by landing in the
landing gear and back-up structure
Landing loads
103
certification
procedures and airworthiness standards of the
European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA)
Joint Aviation Regulations (JAR)
104
frame at which wing spar is connected to the
fuselage
Mainframe
105
to keep the plane in good condition for
continued operation
Maintenance
106
a structure with a cloes cross-section which
mainly consists of a thin skin
Monocoque
107
to fix on a support
Mount
108
stress level of a loaded material where next to
deformation starts to become plastic
Yield point
109
the increase in hardness and strength of a
ductile metal as it is plastically deformed below
its recrystallization temperature
Work hardening
110
the vertical aerodynamic plane at the end of
the wings
Winglet
111
the distance from wing-tip to wing-tip
Wing span
112
an aircraft’s weight (or effective weight if it
manoeuvring) divided by its gross wing area
Wing loading
113
a box in the wing to take torsion forces
Wing box
114
the plane to provide lift
Wing
115
a way of jointing two parts together by local
melting
Welding
116
a structural member mainly loaded in shear in
the plane of the member (part of the spar, and
sometimes in ribs and frames
Web
117
the system on which the airplane can land or
descent (also called landing gear)
Undercarriage
118
the load which will cause failure of the
structure
Ultimate load
119
structure which it’s made out of tubes, rods or
thin elements, each element only loaded in
tension or compression
Truss
120
balanced condition, an airplane that is flying
at an angle of attack such that its moment
about the centre of gravity is zero
Trim
121
This structures increases the rigidity of the wing and resist the twisting and bending motion without increasing the mass of used material used in construction
Torsion box
122
force that ( resists the movement of two contacting surfaces ) that slide relative to one another.
Friction
123
form of loading which tends to cause the
atoms or molecules of a material to slide over
each other
Shear
124
independent power driven adjustment or
shifting mechanism
Servo actuator
125
opening panels on upper surface of the wing
to disturb the airflow over the wing (spoils lift),
Spoilers
126
to give the aircraft stability during flight,
smaller wing (fixed horizontal and vertical) are
located at the tail of the plane
Stabilizer
127
the lowest speed of the aircraft in flight at
which the airflow over the wing separates and
becomes turbulent, so the lift will be lost
Stalling speed
128
a stiffening member which supports a section
of the load carrying skin,
Stringer
129
a slender (bar or tubular) structural member
which is loaded in compression
Strut
130
the angle between quart chord line of the
wing and centre line of fuselage, swept-back
has a positive sweep angle
Sweep angle
131
system of flaps or doors on the jet engine
that bends the jet forward, thus slowing down
the aircraft after landing
Thrust reverser
132
effect produced by two forces pulling against
each other
Tension
