Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Trauma > Airway > Flashcards

Airway Flashcards

1
Q

First step in assessing a patient

A

Airway management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Upper airway consists of:

A

Nasal cavity

Pharynx

Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lower Airway consists of:

A

Trachea, it’s branches, and the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Primary control centers come from the:

A

Medulla

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary involuntary respiratory center

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connected to the respiratory muscles by the vagus nerve

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemical stimuli - receptors for oxygen and carbon dioxide balance are located:

A

Carotid bodies (carotid sinus)

Aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary control of respiratory center stimulation

A

Cerebrospinal (CSF) pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CSF is affected by the:

A

Amount of carbon dioxide in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Form of respiratory drive in which the body uses oxygen

A

Hypoxic Drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patients who are somewhat dependent on a hypoxic drive to breath normally only saturate at around ___% oxygenation

A

90-92%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors that increase respiration

A

Body temperature

Emotion

Pain

Hypoxia

Acidosis

Stimulant drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Factors that decrease respiration

A

Depressant drugs, Sleeping agents

Morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When there is no oxygen available at all

A

Anoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SaO2

A

Arterial oxygen saturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PaO2

A

Arterial oxygen tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is the fraction or percentage of oxygen in the space being measured.

Used to represent the percentage of oxygen the patient is breathing

A

Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Literally means “deficient in oxygen”, that is an abnormally low oxygen availability to the body or an individual tissue or organ

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Insufficient oxygenation; that is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood

A

Hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the saturation of a patient’s hemoglobin

A

Pulse oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pulse ox

Normal readings

A

95-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pulse ox

Values under ___ are considered low and a clinical emergency

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Nasal canula O2 rate

A

1-4 L/min

Inspired concentration: 25-30%

24
Q

Handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately

A

Bag-Valve Mask

25
Q

Complete control over the composition of the inspired gas is available.

A

Ventilator

26
Q

Hyperbaric Oxygen.

100% oxygen is given at an increased pressure of 3 atm. Since normal air is 20% oxygen, pure oxygen would be 5 times more oxygen, and at 3 times normal air pressure, a patient gets ___ times more oxygen than normal.

A

15 times

27
Q

Indications for hyperbaric oxygen

A

Decompression illness

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Radiation necrosis

Reconstructive surgery

Some infection wounds

28
Q

Results from the long-term exposure to partially reduced oxygen products which alter the metabolic function and structure of lung cells

A

Oxygen toxicity

29
Q

Takes precedence over all other procedures, with the exception of massive bleeding

A

Management of the airway

30
Q

Most common cause of airway obstruction

A

Tongue

31
Q

Maneuvers that move the flaccid tongue out of the airway / opens the airway

A

Head Tilt/Chin Lift

Jaw Thrust

32
Q

Maneuver is used to relieve a variety of anatomic airway obstructions in casualties who are breathing spontaneously.

The chin and lower incisors are grasped and then lifted to pull the mandible forward.

A

Head Tilt/Chin Lift

33
Q

In casualties with suspected head, neck, or facial trauma, the cervical spine is maintained in a neutral inline position

Allows the provider to open the airway with little or no movement of the head and cervical spine.

A

Jaw Thrust Maneuver

34
Q

Maneuver that aids in prevention of gastric aspiration, particularly during BVM ventilation

The maneuver is accomplished by applying gentle posterior pressure to the patient’s cricoid cartilage

This pressure causes the cricoid cartilage to be displaced posteriorly thus effectively closing off the esophagus.

A

Sellick’s Maneuver

35
Q

Backward, upward, and rightward pressure on the larynx

The maneuver improves the visualization of the larynx structures and eases the intubation.

This procedure displaces the thyroid cartilage dorsally in such a way that the larynx is pressed against cervical vertebrae’s body, two centimeters in cephalic direction, until resistance appears.

Should be displaced 0.5 cm -2.0 cm to the right

A

BURP Maneuver

36
Q

Most frequently used artificial airway device

A

Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)

37
Q

Soft rubber or latex uncuffed tube that is designed to conform to the patient’s natural nasopharyngeal curvature

It is designed to lift the posterior tongue off of the oropharynx

A

Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)

38
Q

NPA

Which nostril is preferred as it is typically larger?

A

Right nare

39
Q

Preferred supraglottic airway because it makes it simpler to use and avoids the need for cuff inflation and monitoring.

A

I-Gel (Supraglottic airway)

40
Q

Indications for an I-Gel

A

An unconscious patient without significant direct trauma to airway/facial structures

41
Q

I-Gel size for a typical adult

A

4

42
Q

I-Gel size for an adult larger than 200 lbs

A

Size 5

43
Q

ET Tube

Universally accepted size for an unknown victim

A

7.5 mm

44
Q

ET Tube

Ventilate 1 breath every:

A

5 seconds

45
Q

Also known as the double-lumen airway, is a blind insertion airway device (BIAD) often used in the pre-hospital, emergency setting

It is designed to facilitate the placement of an advanced airway in a patient in respiratory distress by providers with minimal training

Simplicity of placement is the main advantage over ET intubation

A

Esophageal Tracheal Combitube

46
Q

Airway used when unable to perform endotracheal intubation and the casualty cannot be ventilated using a BVM device

A

Laryngeal Mask Airway

47
Q

Optimal head position for insertion of the LMA

A

Sniffing Position

48
Q

Supraglottic airway device with capabilities similar to those of the LMA to provide successful patient ventilation.

Not a definitive airway device and plans to provide a definitive airway are necessary.

A

Laryngeal Tube Airway (LTA)

49
Q

Creation of a surgical opening in the cricothyroid membrane, which lies between the larynx (thyroid cartilage) and the cricoid cartilage.

Primary purpose is to provide an emergency breathing passage for a patient whose airway is closed by trauma, burns, closing of the airway, or unconsciousness

A

Surgical Cricothyrotomy

50
Q

Two basic types of cricothyroidotomy

A

Needle

Surgical

51
Q

Airway indicated for:

  • Massive midface trauma precluding the use of BVM device.
  • Inability to control the airway using less invasive maneuvers.
  • Ongoing tracheobronchial hemorrhage.
A

Cricothyrotomy

52
Q

A surgical cricothyroidotomy can be left in place for about ___ hours

A

24 hours

53
Q

Position where the head is extended and neck is flexed

A

Sniffing position

54
Q

ET Tube insertion should take no longer than:

A

30 seconds

55
Q

Indications for Combitube

A

Patients who are trapped

56
Q

Contraindications for cricothyroidotomy

A
  • Any casualty who can be safely intubated, either orally or nasally.
  • Casualties with laryngotracheal injuries
  • Children under 10 years of age.
  • **Casualties with acute laryngeal disease of traumatic or infections
  • Insufficient training

Trauma (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions