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airway Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

nasopharynx

A

where air passes after being inhaled through the nose, keeps contaminants like dust out of respiratory tract

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2
Q

oropharynx

A

back of the mouth, prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx when swallowing `

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3
Q

larynx

A

marks where upper airway ends and lower airway begins

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4
Q

upper airway

A

warm, filter, and humidify air, From nose and mouth to larynx

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5
Q

lower airway

A

gas exchange at lower alveolus, respiration

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6
Q

epiglottis

A

closes over airway to not allow other foreign material to enter

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7
Q

glotic opening

A

prevents foreign objects from entering airway

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8
Q

carina

A

where trachea (windpipe) divides into two bronchi

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9
Q

Main bronchi

A

left side, two lobes to leave space for heart

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10
Q

smaller bronchi

A

right side, three lobes, bronchiolies

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11
Q

inhalation

A

diaphragm and intercoastal muscles contract, allowing air to enter the body and lungs. (diaphragm moves down, thoracic cage gets bigger, ribs lift up and out)

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12
Q

partial pressure

A

amount of gas in air or a dissolved fluid

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13
Q

exhalation

A

doesn’t require muscular effort, passive process, the diaphragm relaxes, rib cage and thorax return to normal

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14
Q

air will reach the lungs only through the

A

trachea/windpipe

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15
Q

patent

A

airway is maintained, air can enter and leave lungs freely

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16
Q

tidal volume

A

amount of air moved in and out of lungs in ONE breath

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17
Q

hypoxia

A

tissues and cells don’ get enough oxygen, can lead to death

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18
Q

normally, the drive to breathe is based on ___

A

carbon dioxide, carbonic drive

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19
Q

hypoxic drive

A

drive to breathe is based on oxygen (BAD), cant get rid of CO2 –> high carbon dioxide levels, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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20
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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21
Q

child vs adult airway

A

child has:
-smaller nose and mouth
-more space taken up by tongue –> less space in airway
narrower trachea
-cricoid cartilage is less developed and less rigid

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22
Q

hypercarbia

A

excess carbon dioxide in blood stream

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23
Q

signs of inadequate breathing

A

-Tripod position: bent over with hands on knees
-Unequal or inadequate chest expansion
-Increased effort to breathing
-Shallow depth
-Skin that is pale, cyanotic, cool, or moist
-Skin puling in around ribs or clavicles during inspiration
-Abnormal skin color
-Altered mental status
-Low pulse oximetry

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24
Q

intrapulmonary shunting

A

blood enters the lungs on the right side and returns to the left side in an un-oxygenated state

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25
Pulse oximetry
measurement of pxygenation in the blood, 95-99% is normal
26
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-inflamed lungs --> blocked airmway -too much CO2 -have low pulse oximetry (less oxygen in blood)
27
when to give oxygen
pulse oximetry less than 94%, dyspnea, changes in skin color, tripod position, accessory muscle use, nasal flaring , grunting
28
non rebretahing mask
(non dying mask), supplemental oxygen for for someone who is breathing FINE, 10-15 liters per min minute =90% oxygen
29
how much oxygen is in the air right now
21% -body breathes out 5% and keeps 16%
30
nasal cannula
(not needed cannula), supplemental oxygen for adequate breathing, less serious than NRM, 1-6 lpm = 24-44% oxygen
31
bag valve mask
patient is either having trouble breathing or not breathing at all, 12-25 lpm=100% oxygen
32
tracheostomies
patients that breathe through hole in their neck called a soma
33
pocket face mask
patient is either having trouble or is not breathing at all, you breathe directly into mask, %55 oxygen
34
when to administer humidified oxygen
-reduce infection -burns -pediatrics -long transports
35
CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure
administer when patient has respiratory distress but is still consious,
36
oral pharyngeal airway
keeps tongue from blocking the airway and makes it easier to suction, measure corner of the mouth to ear lobe contradiction: intact gag reflex, patient is conscious, seizure
37
nasal pharyngeal airway
used with unresponsive or AMS patients, patient has an intact gag reflex contradiction: severe head trauma, blood drianing from nose, precious fractured nasal bone
38
suctioning
minimum pressure is 399 mmHg, suction while withdrawing the catheter, suction for 15 seconds MAX for adults
39
head tilt chin lift
open the airway, for patients with no suspected trauma
40
jaw thrust maneuver
open the airway, for patienst with spinal injury,
41
tension pneumothorax
tesnion between pneumo (lung) and thorax (chest wall), air accumulates between chest wall and lung --> increased pressure, no hole in pleural space so air builds up, trachea deviates to one side symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, rapid breathing
42
pulmonary emoblism
blockage in pulmonary arteries, thee blood vessels that send blood to your lungs embolus: traveling blood clot symptoms: shortness of breath and chest pain
43
pulmonary edema
too much fluid in lunch making it difficult to breathe edema: swelling, your lungs are swelling with fluid
44
pneumothorax (sucking chest wound)
collapsed lung, air leaks into space between chest wall and lung, hole in pleural space that allows the air to excape
45
hemopnumothorax
blood (hemo) and air (pneumothorax, collapsed lung), in pleural space
46
pleural spce
space between lungs and chest wall
47
ataxic respirations
irregular and ineffective breathing
48
air embolism
air escaping from lungs into blood vessels
49
flail chest
three or more ribs broken
50
respiration
the process by which the body uses oxygen and expels carbon dioxide, echange of ocygen and CO2
51
ventilation
moving air in and out of lungs
52
oxygenation
moving oxygen into blood
53
how to heart works
right atrium gets deoxygenated blood --> right ventricle --> lungs to add mroe oxygen --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> rest of body
54
adema
right side of heart not pumping effectively
55
acute pulmonary adema
fluid backed up in lungs, can't make gas exchange, rales, place patient in postion of comfort, crackles heard in lower lungs
56
pneumonia
infection inside of lungs, wheezing or rales
57
wheezing
constriction in lower airway, high pitched whistling sound
58
stridor
constriction in upper airway, whistling
59
vena cava
carry blood to the heart
60
vitals for child 3-5
20 breaths a minute, pulse of 100, and Systolic BP of 110
61
The pediatric assessment triangle is composed of three elements
Circulation, Appearance, Work of Breathing
62
numo
airway
63
snoring
tongue blocking the airway
64
crowing
laryngeal (voicebox) muscle spasm
65
where does gas exchange happen
between pulmonary capillaries and alveoli
66
chronic bronchitis
airway getting filled with mucous, coughing a lot to get rid of mucous, shortness of breath
67
rales
bubbling sound
68
left pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood
69
give breaths
every 5 to 6 seconds
70
volume of air administered should be determined be
chest rise
71
phlebo
vein
72
CPR ratios
30:2 for single rescuer 15:2 for two rescuers
73
newborn respiratory
30 to 60 breaths

EMT (4 decks)

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