Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P pulmonary > airway anatomy > Flashcards

airway anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

elastic tube about 12cm long, same diameter as index finger 0.75-1cm, runs from just below larynx to carina

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the carina is located approximately at what skeletal landmark

A

angle of sternum

2nd rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fatter, shorter, more vertical and more likely to receive a foreign object

A

right main bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • lobar (secondary) bronchi
  • how many right lobar bronchi
  • how many left lobar bronchi
A

3 right

2 left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • segmental (tertiary) bronchi
  • how may right segmental bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments

-how many left

A

right 10

left 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

branch from the main bronchi , supply a lung lobe and branch into segmental bronchi

A

lobar bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

segmental bronchi supply a ______ ______: portion of lung aerated by subdivisions of a single segmental division

A

bronchopulmonary segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

on mediastinal surface, point of entry for bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries, nerves lymphatic vessels
-where lung attaches to body

A

Hilus (root)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

on the right side the _____ _____divides the upper and middle lobes

A

horizontal fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

on the right side the _____ _____divides the middle and lower lobes

A

oblique fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the right middle lobe contacts only the ______ _____ _______.

A

anterior thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the right lung has __ lobes and ____fissures

A

3 lobes

2 fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the left lung has ___lobes and ____fissure

A

2 lobes

1 fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the lower right lobe has little contact with the anterior wall and is best auscultated _____

A

posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the left lower is mostly posterior below the __rib

A

6th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the trachea is made of __ shaped cartilage that prevents collapse during forced expiration

A

c shaped cartilage

the open c part is smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the smooth muscle in the trachea can alter the ____of the trachea to affect air flow velocity

A

diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

inside of the trachea is 360 degrees covered by ?

A

mucosa, respiratory epithelium, ciliated pseudostratified , goblet cells and submucosal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many c shaped pieces of cartilage on trachea

A

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The main bronchi at the beginning is identical to the trachea but the rings gradually change to _______

A

irregular cartilage plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in the lobar and segmental bronchi the cartilage plates become?

A

smaller

otherwise histology is the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the bronchioles contain no ___ and less than 1 mm diameter

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the _____moisten and protect airways, trap particles and secrete in response to irritants

A

goblet cells

local control

24
Q

the parasympathetic controls the _____glands

A

submucosal

25
Q

____are absent in the bronchioles

A

multicellular (submucosal) glands

26
Q

the bronchioles have __ to ___ orders of branching

A

11-13

27
Q

the bronchioles have fewer goblet cells and more________.

A

club cells (Clara cells)

28
Q

the epithelium flattens in the bronchioles and more _____cells are present with less _____cells

A

more cuboidal

less columnar

29
Q

the bronchioles contain ____ cells that contains histamine and other inflammatory mediators

A

mast

30
Q

the ____have a disproportionate amount of smooth muscle

A

bronchioles

31
Q

this describes what?
ciliated epithelial cells that contain 200-300 cilia per cell, that beat real fast and require a lot of ATP, 10 to 100ml of produced by tracheobronchial mucosa, cilia propel trapped particulate toward pharynx,
swallow, spit, or blown from nose

A

mucociliary escalator

32
Q

the bronchioles run from generation 4 -19. what changes at 17?

A

a few alveoli begin to appear

33
Q

found individually along respiratory bronchioles then more frequent and turn into sacks most distal

A

alveoli

34
Q

as you transverse to the alveoli epithelium flattens from cuboidal to _____, cilia ____, and smooth muscle _____.

A

squamous
disappear
disappear

35
Q

the smallest bronchioles in the conducting zone with no alveoli

A

terminal bronchioles

36
Q

the alveolar wall is line with epithelial cells (type 1) that ______ and cover how much of alveolar wall.

A

very thin, allow gas exchange

cover 90-95% wall, but only 40% of cells

37
Q

type 2 alveolar cells do what

A

secrete surfactant

60%of cells

38
Q

the interalveolar pores (pores of kohn) are what?

A

richest plexus in body

route for collateral air flow can spread infection

39
Q

layers transversed by by diffusing gas, layer of surfactant mixed with water, squamous alveolar epithelial cells,

A

respiratory membrane

blood air barrier

40
Q

pass through the hilus anterior to the primary bronchus

A

pulmonary veins

41
Q

the pore of kohn allow ____ventilation

A

collateral

42
Q

bring deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs, low pressure, pass through hilus, branch into lobar segmental

A

pulmonary arteries

43
Q

supply oxygenated blood for tracheobronchial tree and connective tissue
high pressure

A

bronchial arteries

44
Q

how many pulmonary veins per lung

A

2

45
Q

how many bronchial arteries on left and right

A

one bronchial artery on right

two bronchial arteries on left

46
Q

provide collateral circulation in disease state such as pulmonary embolism

A

bronchopulmonary anastomoses

47
Q

close potential space containing 15-25 ml serous fluid, right and left separate, reduces friction in chest wall, negative pressure

A

pleural cavity

48
Q

attached to sternum, lower six ribs, upper lumbar vertebra via cura

A

diaphragm

49
Q

barrier to passage of air from the lung

A

visceral pleura

50
Q

dome shaped when relaxed, descends into abdominal cavity increasing superior and inferior dimensions of thorax

A

diaphragm

51
Q

diaphragm is innervated by?

A

phrenic nerve

52
Q

the bucket handle effect describes?

eupneic breathing

A

lower thoracic cage is elevated and causes the ribs to swing up laterally , increase lateral dimensions of rib cage
5th rib

53
Q

the pump handle effect describes?

eupneic breathing

A

elevation of upper thoracic cage the sternum to swing up anteriorly, increase anterior and posterior dimension of the thoracic cage

54
Q

accessory muscles of inspiration are ?

A

sternocleidomastoid-elevate sternum

scalene -elevates first two ribs

55
Q

highest overall generation resistance is

A

3 bronchial

56
Q

highest individual pipe resistance

A

23 alveolar sacs

57
Q

lowest overall generational (combined) resistance

A

23 alveolar sacs

A&P pulmonary (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions