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A&P pulmonary > airway anatomy > Flashcards

airway anatomy Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

elastic tube about 12cm long, same diameter as index finger 0.75-1cm, runs from just below larynx to carina

A

trachea

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2
Q

the carina is located approximately at what skeletal landmark

A

angle of sternum

2nd rib

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3
Q

fatter, shorter, more vertical and more likely to receive a foreign object

A

right main bronchus

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4
Q
  • lobar (secondary) bronchi
  • how many right lobar bronchi
  • how many left lobar bronchi
A

3 right

2 left

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5
Q
  • segmental (tertiary) bronchi
  • how may right segmental bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments

-how many left

A

right 10

left 8

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6
Q

branch from the main bronchi , supply a lung lobe and branch into segmental bronchi

A

lobar bronchi

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7
Q

segmental bronchi supply a ______ ______: portion of lung aerated by subdivisions of a single segmental division

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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8
Q

on mediastinal surface, point of entry for bronchi, pulmonary veins and arteries, nerves lymphatic vessels
-where lung attaches to body

A

Hilus (root)

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9
Q

on the right side the _____ _____divides the upper and middle lobes

A

horizontal fissure

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10
Q

on the right side the _____ _____divides the middle and lower lobes

A

oblique fissures

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11
Q

the right middle lobe contacts only the ______ _____ _______.

A

anterior thoracic wall

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12
Q

the right lung has __ lobes and ____fissures

A

3 lobes

2 fissures

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13
Q

the left lung has ___lobes and ____fissure

A

2 lobes

1 fissure

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14
Q

the lower right lobe has little contact with the anterior wall and is best auscultated _____

A

posteriorly

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15
Q

the left lower is mostly posterior below the __rib

A

6th

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16
Q

the trachea is made of __ shaped cartilage that prevents collapse during forced expiration

A

c shaped cartilage

the open c part is smooth muscle

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17
Q

the smooth muscle in the trachea can alter the ____of the trachea to affect air flow velocity

A

diameter

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18
Q

inside of the trachea is 360 degrees covered by ?

A

mucosa, respiratory epithelium, ciliated pseudostratified , goblet cells and submucosal glands

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19
Q

how many c shaped pieces of cartilage on trachea

A

15

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20
Q

The main bronchi at the beginning is identical to the trachea but the rings gradually change to _______

A

irregular cartilage plates

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21
Q

in the lobar and segmental bronchi the cartilage plates become?

A

smaller

otherwise histology is the same

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22
Q

the bronchioles contain no ___ and less than 1 mm diameter

A

cartilage

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23
Q

the _____moisten and protect airways, trap particles and secrete in response to irritants

Study These Flashcards
A

goblet cells

local control

24
Q

the parasympathetic controls the _____glands

25
____are absent in the bronchioles
multicellular (submucosal) glands
26
the bronchioles have __ to ___ orders of branching
11-13
27
the bronchioles have fewer goblet cells and more________.
club cells (Clara cells)
28
the epithelium flattens in the bronchioles and more _____cells are present with less _____cells
more cuboidal | less columnar
29
the bronchioles contain ____ cells that contains histamine and other inflammatory mediators
mast
30
the ____have a disproportionate amount of smooth muscle
bronchioles
31
this describes what? ciliated epithelial cells that contain 200-300 cilia per cell, that beat real fast and require a lot of ATP, 10 to 100ml of produced by tracheobronchial mucosa, cilia propel trapped particulate toward pharynx, swallow, spit, or blown from nose
mucociliary escalator
32
the bronchioles run from generation 4 -19. what changes at 17?
a few alveoli begin to appear
33
found individually along respiratory bronchioles then more frequent and turn into sacks most distal
alveoli
34
as you transverse to the alveoli epithelium flattens from cuboidal to _____, cilia ____, and smooth muscle _____.
squamous disappear disappear
35
the smallest bronchioles in the conducting zone with no alveoli
terminal bronchioles
36
the alveolar wall is line with epithelial cells (type 1) that ______ and cover how much of alveolar wall.
very thin, allow gas exchange | cover 90-95% wall, but only 40% of cells
37
type 2 alveolar cells do what
secrete surfactant | 60%of cells
38
the interalveolar pores (pores of kohn) are what?
richest plexus in body | route for collateral air flow can spread infection
39
layers transversed by by diffusing gas, layer of surfactant mixed with water, squamous alveolar epithelial cells,
respiratory membrane | blood air barrier
40
pass through the hilus anterior to the primary bronchus
pulmonary veins
41
the pore of kohn allow ____ventilation
collateral
42
bring deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs, low pressure, pass through hilus, branch into lobar segmental
pulmonary arteries
43
supply oxygenated blood for tracheobronchial tree and connective tissue high pressure
bronchial arteries
44
how many pulmonary veins per lung
2
45
how many bronchial arteries on left and right
one bronchial artery on right | two bronchial arteries on left
46
provide collateral circulation in disease state such as pulmonary embolism
bronchopulmonary anastomoses
47
close potential space containing 15-25 ml serous fluid, right and left separate, reduces friction in chest wall, negative pressure
pleural cavity
48
attached to sternum, lower six ribs, upper lumbar vertebra via cura
diaphragm
49
barrier to passage of air from the lung
visceral pleura
50
dome shaped when relaxed, descends into abdominal cavity increasing superior and inferior dimensions of thorax
diaphragm
51
diaphragm is innervated by?
phrenic nerve
52
the bucket handle effect describes? | eupneic breathing
lower thoracic cage is elevated and causes the ribs to swing up laterally , increase lateral dimensions of rib cage 5th rib
53
the pump handle effect describes? | eupneic breathing
elevation of upper thoracic cage the sternum to swing up anteriorly, increase anterior and posterior dimension of the thoracic cage
54
accessory muscles of inspiration are ?
sternocleidomastoid-elevate sternum | scalene -elevates first two ribs
55
highest overall generation resistance is
3 bronchial
56
highest individual pipe resistance
23 alveolar sacs
57
lowest overall generational (combined) resistance
23 alveolar sacs

A&P pulmonary (2 decks)

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