Airway devices

Question 1

It is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted into the patient mouth into the trachea to help sustain a spontaneous breathing.

Answer 1

Endotracheal Tube

Question 2

Process of inserting ET tube in to the airway of the patient and is most frequently performed type of intubation

Answer 2

Endotracheal In`tubation

Question 3

This ET tube requires an injection of your pressurized `air into the balloon to create a seal against the inside wall of your airway

Answer 3

Cuff ET tube

Question 4

This ET tube is recommended for children less than 8 years old to prevent narrowing of trachea.

Answer 4

Uncuff RT tube

Question 5

Average distance of the teeth to the carina of the ET tube

Answer 5

• 27 cm in MALE

- 25 cm for FEMALE

Question 6

The tip of ET tube should rest what cm above the carina?

Answer 6

2 - 4 cm above carina

Question 7

It protects your patient from aspiration and provide help in giving your patient a positive airway pressure.

Answer 7

ET cuff

Question 8

The cuff can be monitored by using what type of instrument? connected to pilot balloon

Answer 8

Manometer

Question 9

Normal cuff pressure

Answer 9

25 - 35 cmH2O

Question 10

Indications of inserting ET tube:

Answer 10

1. Relief upper AW obstruction
2. Protect patient airway
   (1) Pharyngeal reflex: gag and swallowing
   (2) Laryngeal reflex: laryngospasm
   (3) Tracheal reflex: coughing when trachea is
   irritated
   (4) Carinal reflex: coughing when carina is irritated
3. Facilitation of tracheal suctioning
4. Assistance in manual ventilation or mech vent.

Question 11

This reflex is responsible for preventing us from chocking

Answer 11

gag reflex

Question 12

This reflexes preventing material in entering in upper airway

Answer 12

Laryngeal reflex

Question 13

This reflex work when your trachea is irritated

Answer 13

Tracheal reflex

Question 14

Hazards of ET tube:

Answer 14

1. loss the ability to talk
2. loss patient ability to eat using mouth
3. tube occlusion with inspissated secretions
4. damage vocal cord

Question 15

Complications of ET tube:

Answer 15

1. poorly tolerated by conscious and semi-patient
2. gagging caused by tube irritation
3. harder to patient to communicate
4. patient may bite the tube that may cause occluding airflow
5. erodes, corner of patient mouth
6. stimulates oral secretion

Question 16

Physician used this in inserting ET tube or shape the ET tube to make it easier to be installed

Answer 16

stylet

Question 17

It is a surgical opening in the neck and trachea that provides access for the insertion of an artificial airway known as a tracheostomy tube

Answer 17

Tracheostomy

Question 18

It is a hole in the trachea without the tube in place

Answer 18

Stoma (2nd or 3rd tracheal ring)

Question 19

It is an artificial airway that bypasses upper airway, and is inserted directly into the trachea via stoma

Answer 19

Tracheostomy tube

Question 20

Indications of Tracheostomy

Answer 20

1. the patient will require mechanical ventilation for more than one or two weeks.
2. the patient can’t manage their own secretions and require frequent tracheal suctioning
3. the patient has a difficult airway or sudden trauma/swelling in their upper airway and attempts to intubate via the endotracheal have failed

Question 21

Risk and complications of tracheostomy

Answer 21

1. obstruction to the tracheostomy tube from secretions or blood clots that prevent ventilation
2. infection
3. accidental decannulation of the tracheostomy tube

Question 22

This type of Tracheostomy tube is developed for patients require positive pressure ventilator and airway protection.

Answer 22

Cuffed tracheostomy tube

Question 23

This type of tracheostomy is used when the patient no longer needs positive pressure ventilation and has no significant aspiration risk. The tube is still for access to chest secretions for bypass an upper airway obstruction.

• often used in neonatal patient, or for patient who doesn’t need mech vent and can manage their secretion effectively

Answer 23

Uncuffed tracheostomy tube

Question 24

What will happen if the pressure is high, or exceeds 20 - 30 cmH2O

Answer 24

It causes tracheal stenosis or damaged the airway

Question 25

What will happen if the pressure is low, or exceeds < 20 - 30 cmH2O

Answer 25

- Reduce the effectiveness of the delivery of positive pressure ventilation. - patient airway is NOT FULLY PROTECTED against aspiration of secretion

Question 26

it is a special type of tracheostomy tube that has an opening above the cuff which allows the airflow to pass so that a patients able to talk with the airway in place - allowing patient to talk

Answer 26

Fenestrated Tracheostomy tube

Question 27

It can help restore airway patency and maintain adequate ventilation, in particular, when using a bag-mask device

Answer 27

Pharyngeal airways

Question 28

This type of phrayngeal airway known as nasal horn or nasal trumpet - it is inserted through one of the nares and past the turbinates

Answer 28

Nasopharyngeal airway

Question 29

ADVANTAGES of using Nasopharyngeal airway:

Answer 29

1. can be used for the SEMI-CONSCIOUS VICTIM 2. can be used in situations where the victim has extensive injury to the mouth & lower jaw 3. can be used in the patient with INTACT GAG REFLEX 4. DOES NOT REQUIRE HYPEREXTENSION of neck during insertion 5. patient's WITH SEIZURE

Question 30

DISADVANTAGES of nasopharyngeal airway:

Answer 30

1. sever nasal bleeding 2. irritation of nares 3. Suspected basilar skull fractures 4. trauma to nose 5. resistance is met when attempting to advance the device

Question 31

this type of pharyngeal airway is indicated for the conscious and non-responsive patient and has difficulty maintaining a paten upper airway

Answer 31

Oropharyngeal airway

Question 32

Two common oropharyngeal airway designs:

Answer 32

1. GUEDEL AIRWAY | 2. BERMAN AIRWAY

Question 33

Type of oropharyngeal airway that has 2 horizontal place connected

Answer 33

berman airway

Question 34

Type of oropharyngeal airway that is designed with one smooth channel through the center

Answer 34

Guedel airway

Question 35

ADVANTAGES of oropharyngeal airway

Answer 35

1. prevent airway obstruction by the tongue 2. to be used as a bite block 3. to increase the effectiveness of bag/mask ventilation

Question 36

Contraindication of oropharyngeal airway

Answer 36

1. a conscious patient with a gag reflex

Question 37

it is a type of airway device with a small, triangular-shaped inflatable mask that is secured to a tube, similar in size to an ETT

Answer 37

Laryngeal mask airway

Question 38

Purpose of laryngeal mask airway:

Answer 38

To prevent gastric aspiration while providing a patient airway

Question 39

ADVANTAGES of Laryngeal mask airway

Answer 39

1. Can be quickly inserted to provide ventilation when bag-mask ventilation is not adequate and ET intubation cannot be accomplished 2. The LMA ventilates equally as well as an Et tube 3. training is simpler than for ET intubation 4. there is no risk of esophageal or bronchial intubation 5. there is less risk of trauma to the airway than with ET intubation.

Question 40

Contraindications of LMA

Answer 40

1. patient is conscious or resists placement of LMA 2. patient is known to have or might have food in stomach 3. patient has GERD

Question 41

This type of airway device is a twin lumen device airway that is inserted blindly into the oropharynx and advanced into the esophagus or trachea - feature similar to ETT

Answer 41

Combitube airway