Airway Emergencies (Exam #1) Flashcards
(56 cards)
What are the two types of Airway Obstruction? How can they progress?
Partial vs. Complete
- Partial → complete → respiratory arrest
What is the most common cause of airway obstruction?
Tongue
What is the time from complete airway obstruction to brain damage?
About 4 minutes
What are the two types of oxygen delivery device, and what is the capacity of each? What are the three subtypes of each?
Low-Flow = 2-8 L
- Nasal cannula
- Simple, partial rebreathing mask
- Mask with reservoir bag vs. resuscitation bags (AMBU)
High-Flow = up to 40 L
- Aerosol masks
- T-pieces
- Venture masks
What are the three types of airways?
- Oral
- Nasal
- Laryngeal mask
What is the primary symptom seen with FB in toddlers? What two other signs/sxs may be seen?
Unilateral wheezing
- Persistent cough
- Decreased breath sounds
With trauma, what is the first step in assessing a patient? What are the next two steps?
Airway
- BP
- Circulation
What are the three types of Le Fort fractures? Which type involves maxillary fracture? What type of fracture is often associated with the other two types?
I, II and III
- Type I = maxillary
- Types II and III = cribriform fracture
What two types of Le Fort fracture are associated with cribriform fracture, and what type of airway should NOT be used?
Types II and III
- NO nasal airways
What three findings may be seen with Basilar Skull Fractures?
- Battle’s sign
- Raccoon eyes
- CSF from ears or nose
What two complications can be seen with Anaphylaxis/Acute Allergic Reaction?
- Respiratory compromise
- CV collapse
What are three physiologic results of Anaphylaxis/Acute Allergic Reaction?
- Vasodilation
- Bronchial constriction
- Increase mucous gland secretions
What two pathophysiology components are associated with Anaphylaxis/Acute Allergic Reaction?
- Antigen-Ab binds to mast cells
- IgE-mediated histamine release
What are the two possible causes of Angioedema, and what is an example of each?
- Hereditary: insufficiency C1-esterase inhibitor synthesis
- Acquired: ACE-I
What medication should be administered to treat hereditary Angioedema? What is the primary cause of hereditary Angioedema?
Danazol
- Insufficiency C1-esterase inhibitor synthesis
What four medications can be administered to treat Anaphylaxis/Acute Allergic Reaction?
- Epi
- Antihistamines
- B2 Agonists (albuterol)
- Steroids
What are the two routes of administration of Epi, and which is preferred? What is the dosing of each?
- IV + fluids (0.3-0.5 mg of 1:10,000)
- IM (0.3-0.5 mg of 1:1,000) = preferred
With Anaphylaxis/Acute Allergic Reaction, what two signs would induce the need for intubation?
- Marked stridor
- Respiratory arrest
What condition involves bilateral, rapidly spreading submandibular cellulitis? What two symptoms are seen with this condition?
Ludwig’s Angina
- Elevated tongue
- Hard/firm induration of floor of mouth
What condition involves elevated tongue, hard/firm induration of floor of mouth, perioral edema, pain, trismus?
Ludwig’s Angina
What condition may be caused by mixed G- and anaerobic bacteria, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngeal trauma?
Retropharyngeal Abscess
What are the two primary symptoms of Retropharyngeal Abscess? What other two sxs may be seen?
- Odynophagia
- Drooling
Also fever or neck swelling
What condition is often seen in age 2-7 years; due to Hib?
Epiglottitis
What condition involves abrupt toxic-appearing, fever, stridor, dysphagia, odynophagia, drooling, tripod position, cyanosis?
Epiglottitis
