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AH1 Test2 > airway infections > Flashcards

airway infections Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

inflammation of nasal mucosa

“hay fever” or “allergies”

A

rhinitis

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2
Q

manifestations:

  • HA
  • nasal irritation
  • sneezing
  • nasal congestion
  • rhinorrhea
A

rhinitis

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3
Q

interventions for rhinitis

A

drug therapy–> antihistamines, leukotriene inhibitors, mast cell stabilizers, decongestants, antipyretics, antibiotics

complementary and alternative therapy– vitamin C, zinc

supportive therapy

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4
Q

inflammation of sinus mucous membranes

usually caused by steptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, diplococcus bacteriodes

A

sinusitis

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5
Q

nonsurgical management for sinusitis

A 
Nonsurgical management:
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
Analgesics (pain and fever)
Decongestants
Steam humidification
Hot/wet packs over sinus area
Nasal saline irrigations
Increased fluids
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6
Q

surgical management for sinusitis

A

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

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7
Q

Sore throat is common inflammation of pharyngeal mucous membranes

Odynophagia, dysphagia, fever, hyperemia
Strep throat can lead to serious medical complications!

Epiglottitis is rare complication

A

pharyngitis

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8
Q

Screening process for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal antigen
Results available in 15 min
Gen-Probe
Optical immunoassay (OIA)

Throat culture technique should be accurate in order to obtain specimen

A

Rapid Antigen Tests (RATs)

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9
Q

Inflammation/infection of tonsils and lymphatic tissues

Contagious airborne infection, usually bacterial

Antibiotics for 7 to 10 days

Surgical intervention

A

tonsillitis

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10
Q

Complication of acute tonsillitis

A

peritonsillar abscess (PTA)

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11
Q

Manifestations:
Pus causing one-sided swelling with deviation of the uvula
Trismus and difficulty breathing
Bad breath, swollen lymph nodes

A

PTA (peritonsillar abscess)

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12
Q

Treatment:
Percutaneous needle aspiration of abscess
Antibiotics

A

peritonsillar abcess (PTA)

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13
Q

Inflammation of mucous membranes lining the larynx; possible edema of vocal cords

Acute hoarseness, dry cough, difficulty swallowing, temporary voice loss (aphonia)

A

laryngitis

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14
Q

Treatment focused on relief and prevention—
voice rest, steam inhalation, increased fluid intake, throat lozenges

Reduce use of tobacco and alcohol

A

Laryngitis

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15
Q

Highly contagious acute viral respiratory infection

Severe headache, muscle ache, fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, anorexia

Antiviral agents may be effective

A

influenza

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16
Q

Promote prevention strategies
National Patient Safety Goal:
Annual vaccination

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test (RIDT)
High false-negative rates

Antiviral drugs
Must give within the first 24-48 hrs of symptoms
oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza)

A

influenza

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17
Q

Mostly prevalent among animals and birds; virus can mutate becoming infectious to humans

Example:
H1N1 (swine flu)
H5N1 (avian flu)

A

pandemic influenza

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18
Q

pandemic influenza safety precautions:

A

Strict isolation precautions

Airborne, droplet & contact isolation, N95 mask

Antiviral meds, supportive care

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19
Q

Etiology:
Mutated and virulent form of the coronavirus

Spread:
Airborne droplets from infected people
Portals of entry: eyes, nose & mouth

Study These Flashcards
A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

20
Q

Invades pulmonary tissue**

Inflammatory response
Does not enter bloodstream

Study These Flashcards
A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

21
Q

prevention of SARS

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A 
Handwashing
Airborne & Contact Isolation
Gown, gloves
Eye protection
Disposable particulate mask respirator
N-95, N-99, N-100
22
Q 
Symptoms
Fever
Headache, body ache
Cold symptoms: 
Runny nose, sore throat, watery eyes
Day 2-7
Dry cough
SOB
Hypoxia w/ cyanosis
23
Q

Coronavirus family

Cough, SOB, fever, rapidly progresses to multi-organ failure

Study These Flashcards
A

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

24
Q

Excess fluid in lungs resulting from inflammatory process

25
Inflammation triggered by: 1. infectious organisms Bacteria, virus, fungus, protozoa, helminths 2. Noninfectious causes inhalation of irritants, gases, fluid, smoke
pneumonia
26
pneumonia prevention
Vaccination for adults > 65 years, adults with chronic illness Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13): Prevnar 13 Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV 23): Pneumovax
27
Incidence increasing, especially with ET tubes in place for mechanical ventilation
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
28
“Ventilator bundles” reduce incidence
Hand hygiene Oral care Head of bed elevation
29
Collection of pus in pleural space Most common cause—pulmonary infection, lung abscess, infected pleural effusion
Pulmonary Empyema
30
interventions of pulmonary empyema
Empty empyema cavity Re-expand lung Control infection
31
Highly communicable; caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
32
Transmitted via aerosolization (COUGHING) - Immunity defense mechanisms prevent the full development of disease in the healthy person - Cell mediated immunity is manifested by a positive tuberculin test within 2 to 10 weeks
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
33
Initial infection of TB
middle and lower lobes Local lymph nodes enlarged Asymptomatic period after the primary infection Latent period Not contagious unless symptoms occur
34
secondary infection of TB
Reactivation of the disease when immunity is lowered Older adult, chronic disease, HIV
35
``` Progressive fatigue Lethargy Nausea Anorexia Weight loss Irregular menses Low-grade fever, night sweats Cough, mucopurulent sputum, blood streaks ```
clinical manifestations of ACTIVE TB
36
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
can give a false-positive for TB skin test
37
positive TB skin test
SCREENING tool to see if youve been exposed to it. further testing is needed (chest xray, sputum culture)
38
``` Combination drug therapy with strict adherence: Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol ```
drugs for TB
39
Airborne precautions in the hospital for TB
negative pressure room N95 masks Remains in isolation until there are 2 consecutive negative sputum cultures
40
Localized area of lung destruction Caused by liquefaction necrosis, usually related to pyogenic bacteria Pleuritic chest pain
lung abscess
41
Interventions for lung abscess
Antibiotics Drainage of abscess Frequent mouth care for Candida albicans
42
Bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis from contaminated soil Fatality rate 100% if untreated
inhalation anthrax
43
2 stages of inhalation anthrax
prodromal stage | fulminant stage
44
which stage of inhalation anthrax: | : fever, fatigue, dry cough, mild chest pain
prodromal stage
45
which stage of inhalation anthrax: | SOB, high fever, stridor, diaphoresis, hypoxia
fulminant stage
46
drug therapy for inhalation anthrax
ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin

AH1 Test2 (4 decks)

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