Airway Management - CA

Question 1

Nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx

Answer 1

Upper airway

Question 2

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli make up?

Answer 2

Lower airway

Question 3

This anatomical structure in the normal adult is at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra?

Answer 3

Glottis

Question 4

What is usually the main cause of airway obstruction?

Answer 4

Tongue

Question 5

What maneuver will typically relieve a tongue obstruction?

Answer 5

Chin lift/jaw thrust

Question 6

What do you do if a chin lift or jaw thrust will not relieve the airway obstruction?

Answer 6

Move to an oral or nasal airway

Question 7

True or false

We should use oral airways for patients with active gag reflexes

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What are two insertion techniques for inserting an oral airway?

Answer 8

1. Tongue depressor

2. Insert and rotate

Question 9

These type of airways are less stimulating and often better tolerated than oral

Answer 9

Nasal airways

Question 10

What is considered to be “crucial” when using nasal airways?

Answer 10

Depth of insertion

Question 11

What is the number one complication of nasal airways?

Answer 11

Hemorrhage

Question 12

What are some advantages to using a laryngeal mask airway?

Answer 12

1. They can be used whenever a face mask can be used.
2. Allows one handed ventilation
3. If properly inserted it can form a seal around the larynx
4. Less stimulating than endotracheal intubation
5. Can manage a difficult airway

Question 13

Suspected gastric contents, gross obesity, pregnancy, acute abdomen, thoracic injury, heavy opiate intoxication, hiatal hernia, and low pulmonary compliance are all contraindications for what type of airway?

Answer 13

Laryngeal mask airway

Question 14

When using a laryngeal mask airway, ventilatory pressure should not exceed 20 mm because?

Answer 14

Increased risk of aspiration

Question 15

Laryngoscopes are always held in the right or left hand?

Answer 15

Left

Question 16

What is another name for a curved blade?

Answer 16

MacIntosh

Question 17

What is another name for a straight blade?

Answer 17

Miller, WisHipple

Question 18

What is the typical size of an endotracheal tube for females?

Answer 18

7.0-7.5

Question 19

What is the typical size of an endotracheal tube for males?

Answer 19

7.5-9.0

Question 20

The cuff pressure in an endotracheal tube should not exceed ______ torr (capillary pressure)

Answer 20

25

Question 21

What is the initial step in ensuring successful intubation (especially in obese or pregnant patient)?

Answer 21

Positioning the patient

Question 22

The _________ position enables to align the axes of the patient’s mouth, pharynx, and larynx permitting direct visualization of the larynx during Layngoscopy

Answer 22

Sniffing

Question 23

What is something you should always have at hand when intubating?

Answer 23

Suction

Question 24

What is the name of the maneuver where you use your index finger to pull the right incisors toward the operator?

Answer 24

Scissor maneuver

Question 25

Tip of blade rests in the valecula and the epiglotis is lifted indirectly and incompletely -- does this describe a curved or straight blade?

Answer 25

Curved

Question 26

Tip of the blade is inserted beneath the epiglotis and lifts it directly and more completely -- does this describe a curved or straight bladeE?

Answer 26

Straight

Question 27

What is the advantage of a curved blade compared to a straight blade?

Answer 27

Easier, better tongue displacement

Question 28

What is the advantage of a straight blade?

Answer 28

Enhanced visualization

Question 29

What is the name of the classification used to view the larynx?

Answer 29

Cormack and Lehane

Question 30

Cormack and Lehane Grade 1

Answer 30

Full view of the glottis

Question 31

Cormack and Lehane Grade 2

Answer 31

Only the posterior commissure is visible

Question 32

Cormack and Lehane Grade 3

Answer 32

Only the epiglottis is seen

Question 33

Cormack and Lehane Grade 4

Answer 33

No epiglottis or glottis structure visible

Question 34

What are some common mistakes people make when using an ETT?

Answer 34

Inserting the blade too far Pulling the Lever Inserting the ETT too far

Question 35

How do we objectively k now that we have correct placement of an ETT?

Answer 35

Continued presence of ETCO2 (six breaths) and interpreted CXR

Question 36

Normal adults should be able to open their mouth a minimum of _____ to _____ centimeters

Answer 36

4 to 6 (3 fingers)

Question 37

What are some predictors of difficult intubation?

Answer 37

Distorted neck mobility, protruding upper incisors, permanent dentures or caps, missing or mal-aligned teeth, macroglossia or glossal edema, morbid obesity