ais 2

Question 1

common business events that occur regularly.

Answer 1

Financial transactions

Question 2

acquisition of materials, property, and labor in exchange for cash.

Answer 2

expenditure cycle

Question 3

composed of the production
system and the cost accounting system.

Answer 3

conversion cycle

Question 4

composed of sales order processing and cash receipts.

Answer 4

Revenue Cycle

Question 5

capture and formalize transaction data

Answer 5

• Source documents

Question 6

are documents that result from transaction processing.

Answer 6

• Product documents

Question 7

are product documents of one system.

Answer 7

• Turnaround documents

Question 8

often used to denote certain types of special journals. For example, the payroll journal is often called the payroll register.

Answer 8

• REGISTER

Question 9

are accounting journal entries into an accounting system. For control purposes, all JVs should be approved by the appropriate designated authority.

Answer 9

Journal vouchers

Question 10

book of accounts that reflects the financial effects of the firm’s transactions.

Answer 10

• Ledgers

Question 11

set of accounting records that trace transactions from their source documents.

Answer 11

audit trail

Question 12

responsibility involves, in part, the review of selected accounts

Answer 12

external auditor’s

Question 13

contains account data. (AR, Inv, COGS, Sales)

Answer 13

master file

Question 14

is a temporary file that holds transaction records. (Sales orders)

Answer 14

transaction file

Question 15

is a file that stores the data used as standards (Freight changes)

Answer 15

reference file

Question 16

is a file that contains records of past transactions. (Journal)

Answer 16

archive file

Question 17

large mainframe systems implemented in the late 1960s through the 1980s.

Answer 17

legacy systems

Question 18

environment in which individual data files are not related to other files.

Answer 18

flat-file model

Question 19

three significant problems in the flat-file environment

Answer 19

: data storage, data updating, and currency of information.

Question 20

efficient information system that captures and stores data only once

Answer 20

Data Capture and Storage

Question 21

problem associated with the flat-file model because of its failure to update all the user files

Answer 21

Currency of Information

Question 22

periodic updating of data

Answer 22

. Data Updating

Question 23

user’s inability to obtain additional information

Answer 23

Task-Data Dependency

Question 24

is a symbolic model of the structure

Answer 24

database model

Question 25

software system that controls access to the data resource.

Answer 25

database management system (DBMS)

Question 26

convey vital system information more effectively and efficiently than words.

Answer 26

* Visual images

Question 27

use system documentation routinely, as both systems designers and auditors.

Answer 27

* Accountant

Question 28

* Five basic documentation techniques are

Answer 28

data flow diagrams, entity relationship diagrams, system flowcharts, program flowcharts, and record layout diagrams.

Question 29

use of a set of symbols in a diagram to

Answer 29

data flow diagram (DFD)

Question 30

diagram is a documentation technique represent the relationship among data entities

Answer 30

entity relationship (ER

Question 31

numeric mapping between entities such as one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:M), and many-to-many (M:M).

Answer 31

* Cardinality

Question 32

the blueprint for what ultimately will become the physical database.

Answer 32

data model

Question 33

to show the relationship between the key elements—input sources, programs, and output products

Answer 33

* system flowchart

Question 34

* Lay out the physical areas of activity.

Answer 34

* Flowcharting Manual Activities

Question 35

* Transcribe the written facts into visual format.

Answer 35

* Flowcharting Computer Processes

Question 36

gathering transactions into groups or batches and then processing the entire batch as a single event.

Answer 36

* Batch processing

Question 37

to reveal the internal structure of the records. The layout diagram usually shows the name, data type, and length of each attribute (or field) in the record.

Answer 37

* Record layout diagrams

Question 38

diagram providing a detailed description of the sequential operations of the program.

Answer 38

program flowchart

Question 39

process individual transactions continuously as they occur.

Answer 39

* Real-time processing systems

Question 40

assemble transactions into groups for processing.

Answer 40

* Batch systems

Question 41

process transactions individually at the moment the economic event occurs

Answer 41

* Real-time systems

Question 42

involves changing the value of one or more of its variable fields * Master file backup procedures

Answer 42

* Updating a master file

Question 43

or “wait” is a state that occurs between sites when data are locked by multiple sites

Answer 43

* Deadlock

Question 44

process the entire transaction as it occurs.

Answer 44

* Real-time systems

Question 45

is well suited to systems that process lower transaction volumes

Answer 45

* Real-time processing

Question 46

throughout the organization are used for receiving, processing, and sending information

Answer 46

* Terminals at distributed sites

Question 47

involves creating simple numeric or alphabetic codes

Answer 47

* Data coding

Question 48

takes a great deal of recording space, is time-consuming to record, and is obviously prone to many types of errors.

Answer 48

* Uncoded entry

Question 49

are codes that represent items in some sequential order (ascending or descending).

Answer 49

* Sequential codes

Question 50

is a coding scheme that assigns ranges of values to specific attributes

Answer 50

block code

Question 51

is a listing of an organization’s accounts

Answer 51

chart of accounts

Question 52

are used to represent complex items

Answer 52

* Group codes

Question 53

are alphabetic characters assigned sequentially.

Answer 53

* Alphabetic codes

Question 54

are codes that allow the use of pure alphabetic characters embedded within numeric codes.

Answer 54

Alphanumeric codes

Question 55

are alphabetic characters in the form of acronyms

Answer 55

* Mnemonic codes

Question 56

for physically arranging records

Answer 56

* Data structures

Question 57

refers to the way records are physically arranged on the secondary storage device (e.g., a disk).

Answer 57

* Organization

Question 58

used to locate records and navigate through the database

Answer 58

* Access method

Question 59

organizational environment in which users own their data exclusively.

Answer 59

* Flat-file approach

Question 60

all records in the file lie in contiguous storage spaces

Answer 60

* Sequential structure

Question 61

all records in the file are accessed sequentially.

Answer 61

* Sequential access method

Question 62

files that are structured sequentially and must be accessed sequentially.

Answer 62

* Sequential files

Question 63

storage of data at a unique location, known as an address, on a hard disk or floppy disk.

Answer 63

* Direct access structures

Question 64

class of file structure that uses indexes for its primary access method.

Answer 64

* INDEXED STRUCTURE

Question 65

randomly organized file accessed via an index.

Answer 65

* Indexed random file

Question 66

structure used for very large files that require routine batch processing

Answer 66

* VIRTUAL STORAGE ACCESS METHOD STRUCTURE

Question 67

structure employing an algorithm

Answer 67

* HASHING STRUCTURE

Question 68

- the address (pointer) of one record is stored in the field on a related record.

Answer 68

* POINTER STRUCTURE

Question 69

contains the actual disk storage location (cylinder, surface, and record number)

Answer 69

physical address pointer

Question 70

contains relative position of a record in the file.

Answer 70

relative address pointer

Question 71

primary key of the related record.

Answer 71

* logical key pointer