AK Flashcards
(18 cards)
Has the Netherlands always been in the same place?
No, the Netherlands has moved over the years because of plate teconics.
What is Pangaea, and how did it break up?
Pangaea was the first supercontinent, formed due to convection currents. it broke apart because of magma building up pressure under it
How is the Earth structured?
The Earth has four layers: inner core, outer core, mantle and crust.
What are convection currents, and how do they work?
Convection currents are the movement of hot and cool magma in the mantle, caused by heat from the inner core. They move the Earth’s plates.
How does plate tectonics work, and what are the three types of plate movements?
Plate tectonics is the movement of Earth’s plates due to mantle convection. The three types of movements are: Transform (past eachother), Convergent (against eachother), Divergent (away from eachother).
What are the two types of tectonic plates, and what are their characteristics?
Oceanic plates: heavy. cotinental plates: light
How are fold mountains formed due to plate tectonics?
Fold mountains form when two continental plates collide, pushing land upwards.
How do earthquakes form according to plate tectonics?
Earthquakes occur when plates move transform and get stuck due to friction, then suddenly move They also happen when an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate.
What do the terms epicenter, hypocenter, and Richter scale mean?
Hypocenter: Where the earthquake starts underground. Epicenter: The point on the surface directly above the hypocenter. Richter scale: Measures the force of an earthquake (each step is 10x stronger).
Why do earthquakes have a greater impact in poorer areas?
Poorer areas have weaker buildings, less emergency response, and fewer resources for rebuilding.
How are explosive and effusive volcanoes formed due to plate tectonics?
Effusive volcanoes: volcano’s underwater where lava streams out creating land Explosive volcanoes: volcanoes that can errupt and are dangerous
What do the terms magma, crater, and mid-ocean ridge mean?
Magma: Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface. Crater: The depression at the top of a volcano. Mid-ocean ridge: An underwater mountain range formed by divergent plates.
Why do volcanic eruptions have a greater impact in poorer areas?
Poorer areas lack proper buildings, evacuation plans, and disaster relief resources.
How do tsunamis form due to plate tectonics?
Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes or subduction, this sends a shockwave that creates a tsunami.
Why do tsunamis have a greater impact in poorer areas?
Poorer regions have weaker coastal defenses, fewer warning systems, and slower evacuations.
Why does plate tectonics have little influence on the Netherlands?
The Netherlands is far from active plate boundaries, so it experiences little tectonic activity.
Why do earthquakes still occur in the Netherlands?
Earthquakes in the Netherlands are caused by gas extraction in Groningen, which creates empty spaces underground, this makes the ground collapse
What is one argument for and one argument against gas extraction in Groningen?
For: we make good money from it. Against: It causes earthquakes, damages buildings, and is harmful to the environment.
