AKI/CKD

Question 1

What is the function of the Glomerulus?

Answer 1

filters blood and produced urine

Question 2

What is the function of the Kidney?

HINT: A WET BED

Answer 2

Acid balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance (potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium)
Toxic removal
Blood pressure control (renin helps with BP control)
Erythropoietin (produces RBCs)
Vitamin D (metabolism)

Question 3

What food should NOT be given when a patient has a renal problem?

Why?

Answer 3

Bananas

Kidneys have trouble filtering potassium

Question 4

What is oliguria?

What is Anuria?

Answer 4

Oliguria (small production of urine-not enough is produced)

Anuria (no production of urine)

Question 5

What is Proteinuria?

What is Dysuria?

What is Azotemia?

Answer 5

Proteinuira (protein in the urine d/t to conditions like pregnancy and CKD)

Dysuria (painful urination, difficulty with urination)

Azotemia (Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the blood)

Question 6

What is the purpose of Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 6

Catches things/stuff the body doesn’t need from your blood

Question 7

What is the most important lab for kidney function?

Answer 7

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Normal range (90-120)

GFR can measure the stage the patient is in

Question 8

What are the complications of the Kidneys?

HINT: Kidney infections or surrounding areas

Answer 8

Glomerulonephritis: comes from Strep Throat

Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
Causes: UTI
S/S: high fever, low back pain, painful urination

Kidney Stones (Renal calculi): pt will have flank pain that radiates to abdomen pain and groin

Nephrotic Syndrome: Inflammation of the Glomerulus
Pt. will have low Albumin levels

Question 9

What is the Kidney’s role in body fluid balance?

Answer 9

Removes excess water and solutes from the blood through urine, maintaining a balance between intake and output.

Question 10

What is the Kidney’s role in blood chemical composition?

Answer 10

Filters and excretes waste products (urea, creatinine) while retaining essential substances like glucose and ions.

Question 11

What is the kidney role in blood pH regulation?

Answer 11

Secretes hydrogen ions and reabsorbs bicarbonate to help regulate the acidity (pH) of the blood

Question 12

What is the kidney function in BP regulation?

Answer 12

Controls blood volume by adjusting water reabsorption and releases renin to regulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, influencing blood pressure.

Question 13

What is AKI?

Is it reversible or non-reversible?

What is the definition?

Answer 13

Acute Kidney Injury which is reversible (by treating the underlying cause)

Definition (sudden impaired of kidney function)

Question 14

What are the causes of AKI?

Answer 14

Dehydration, heat stroke

Question 15

How are the labs affected?

Answer 15

BUN and creatinine is increased

Metabolic acidosis (pt can be in)

Decreased Hemoglobin

Question 16

How many phases does AKI have?

What are they?
HINT: NOT STAGES

Answer 16

They are 4 phases

Onset

Oliguria (Oliguric phase)
(Test Q)—> watch for electrolyte imbalance (hyperkalemia)

Diuretic (720-1200 UO is good)

Recovery (6-12 months recovery time)

Question 17

What type of diet should pts with renal dysfunction be on?

Answer 17

Renal diet which includes
High calcium (no dairy)
Low potassium (no
orange/orange juice,
bananas)