AL topic 1 facts Flashcards
(48 cards)
when did Stalin announce the first 5 year plan and collectivisation?
at the 15th Party Congress in December 1927, marking the end of the NEP
who disagreed with the abandonment of the NEP?
Buhkarin and the right wing of the party
how many peasants were in collective or state farms in mid 1929?
less than 5%
what did Stalin announce in January 1930?
that around 25% of the grain producing areas were to be collectivised by the end of the year
what were the reasons for the ‘Great Turn’?
- increase military strength
- achieve self-sufficiency
- increase grain supplies
- move towards a socialist society
- establish Stalin’s own credentials
- improve standards of living
what was different about Stalin’s economic schemes in comparison to Lenin’s?
the scale and thoroughness
what were the three main types of collective farm?
- the toz
- the sovkhoz
- the kolhkoz
what was the toz?
where peasants owned their land but shared machinery and co-operated in activities like sowing and harvesting. more common before 1930
what was the sovkhoz?
owned and run by the state. The peasants who worked on this state farm were paid a regular wage
what was the kolhkoz?
where all the land was held in common and run by an elected committee. To form one 50-100 houses were put together
what were machine and tractor stations (MTS)?
- established to support collective farms.. They maintained and hired out machinery
- also used to control the countryside. Each MTS had a political department whose job was to root out anti-soviet elements and troublemakers
how many MTS’s were established to support collective farms?
2500
what did Stalin announce in December 1929?
the liquidation of the kulaks as a class
who were the ‘Twenty-Five Thousanders?’
an army of 25,000 urban party activists enlisted by Stalin to help to revolutionise the countryside by rooting out the kulaks and persuading poor peasants to sign a register demanding to be collectivised
what was done with the Kulaks?
they were divided into 3 categories:
- counter-revolutionaries who were to be shot or sent to forced labour settlements
- active opponents of collectivisation were deported often to Siberia
- those who were expelled from their farms and settled on poor land
what is the Holodomor genocide question?
attempts to determine whether the Holodomor, a 1933 man-made famine that killed 4 million people in Ukraine, was an ethnic genocide or an unintended results of the Soviet regime’s re-direction of already drought-reduced grain supplies
did collectivisation succeed in its main aim?
yes- it provided resources for industrialisation
how many people were deported to Siberia or labour camps through collectivisation?
up to 10 million people
by how much did the grain harvest fall during collectivisation?
from 73.3 million tonnes in 1928 to 67.6m in 1934
by how much did the state procurement levels of grain rise during collectivisation?
from 10.8m tonnes in 1928 to 22.8 in 1931
by how much did exports rise during collectivisation?
from 0.03 million tones of grain in 1928 to 5.06m tonnes in 1931
how much did livestock fall during collectivisation?
- cows- 70.5m in 1928 to 38.4m in 1933
- pigs- 26m in 1928 to 11.6m in 1932
- sheep and goats 146.7m in 1928 to 50.2m in 1933
how many peasants were dispossessed between 1929 and 1932?
10 million of which 2-3 million died
what was the consequence of the removal of the kulaks?
lost agriculture its best and most skilled farmers
