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EPHE 155 > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

what is alcohol made of

A

mostly made of carbohydrates

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2
Q

what constitutes a drink

A

beer - 341 mL (5%)
cider/cooler - 341 mL (5%)
wine - 142 mL (12%)
distilled alc - 43mL (40%)

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3
Q

how is alcohol absorbed

A

rapidly via simple diffusion (no transporters)
wine - hard liquor - beer (slowest)

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4
Q

where is alcohol found in the body

A

wherever water is found
- breath, in muscles, urine, etc

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5
Q

what does alcohol do to the cell membrane

A

easily moves through it and damages it

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6
Q

what does alcohol metabolism depend on

A

sex, ethnicity, size, food, physical condition, alc content

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7
Q

what is it metabolized by

A

liver - some is metabolized in stomach
has priority !!

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8
Q

can alc be stored in the body

A

no

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9
Q

what system in the liver is found in excessive drinkers

A

MEOS - microsomal ethanol oxidizing system
(importance increases with alc intake)

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10
Q

genetic factors of metabolism

A

variations of ADH and ALDH

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11
Q

effect of a fast ADH and slow ALDH

A

build up of acetaldehyde
-facial flushing
-nausea
-rapid heart beat

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12
Q

benefits of 1-2 drinks a day (moderate intake) (5)

A

increase HDL
decrease chronic inflammation
improves body use of insulin and glucagon
improves cognitive function
phytochemical content

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13
Q

physiological negatives of alc intake (6)

A

high blood pressure
stroke
dementia
throat, stomach, bladder cancer
CNS disorders
vitamin/mineral deficiencies

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14
Q

how much alc can females metabolize compared to males

A

10% compared to men’s 30%
-less ADH in the stomach cells

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15
Q

2 reasons why alc affects females more than males

A

less body water to dilute alc
fluctuations in hormones affects metabolism

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16
Q

effects of drinking on females

A

larger portion of alc reaches and remains in bloodstream
develop alc-related ailments faster than men

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17
Q

how much alc can people metabolize generally

A

5-7g/hr (1 1/2 12oz beer, 5oz glass of wine, 1.5oz shot)

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18
Q

what does alc metabolism depend on

A

genetics (enzymes, liver size), body mass, amt of alc, nutrition

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19
Q

what is a hangover

A

dehydration of the brain

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20
Q

how does formaldehyde affect hangovers

A

body produces methanol during metabolism when consuming ethanol (alc)
- process forms formaldehyde which causes hangover symptoms

21
Q

what cures a hangover

A

time!

22
Q

affects of alc combined with tobacco

A

increased risk for esophageal and oral cancer

23
Q

alc abuse increased risks

A

heart damage, arrythmia, hypertension, stroke, hypoglycemia, cancer, brain damage, etc

24
Q

effects of alc on brain

A

speed up brain cell loss and impair brain/nerve function

25
Q

effects of alc on heart

A

high blood pressure, scar tissue formation in heart - leads to heart failure

26
Q

effects of alc on liver

A

fatty and enlarged - cirrhosis

27
Q

effects of alc on stomach and pancreas

A

inflammation, pain, bleeding, organ failure, death

28
Q

effects of alc on esophagus

A

toxic to cells lining esophagus - cancer

29
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

fatty infiltration of the liver

30
Q

effects of cirrhosis (5)

A

increased synthesis of fat
enlarged fat cells: choke of nutrient and O2 supply to liver cells, engorged fat cells burst and die
50% chance of death in next 4 years
advanced stages are irreversible
destruction of vital tissues

31
Q

limits on moderate drinking

A

10 drinks or less per week (max 2 drinks/day) - women
15 drinks or less per week (max 3 drinks/day) - men

32
Q

effects of moderate drinking (4)

A

reduce stress/anxiety
improve apetite which can benefit elderly people
lower risk of dementia/CVD/abnormal blood clots
resveratrol may reduce risk of some chronic diseases but amt in wine is negligible

33
Q

risks of moderate drinking

A

women - higher risk of breast cancer
higher rates of bleeding in brain
weight management
increase food intake
drug-alc interaction

34
Q

typical behaviours of moderate drinkers

A

drink slowly
eat food
don’t binge
respect non-drinkers
remain peaceful/unchanged
cause no problem

35
Q

typical behaviours of problem drinkers

A

gulp/chug
empty stomach
binge drink
pressure others to drink
become loud, angry, violent
harm themselves or others

36
Q

cause of a black out

A

caused by disruption of activity in hippocampus
interferes with transfer of knowledge btwn long and short term memory

37
Q

how much alc do adolescents drink

A

20% of consumption in CAN is by underage drinkers

38
Q

avg age to start drinking

A

14 years

39
Q

effects of alc dependence

A

loss of productivity
premature death
tretment expenses
legal fees
medical expenses
(affects 13% of north america)

40
Q

genetic influence on alc dependence

A

tolerance
children of alcoholics - 4X more likely to become one too

41
Q

nutrient deficiencies in alcoholics

A

thiamin (impairs brain use of glucose), nicain (used in alc metabolism), B12, A, C, D, folate

42
Q

memory syndrome caused by alc

A

korsakoff’s syndrome (damage to short term memory)

43
Q

what are delirium tremens caused by

A

thiamin deficiency

44
Q
A
45
Q

how are depression and alc linked

A

more symptoms of depression = alc intake
self medication - alc releases serotonin and dopamine while being a depressant

46
Q

what is binge drinking

A

4-5 drinks in 2 hours
(acute alc intoxication)

47
Q

% of students who binge drink

A

50%

48
Q

effects of binge drinking

A

death, accidents, unsafe sex, assault, destruction of property, injury, suicide, academic problems

49
Q

how to diagnose alc dependence (6)

A

physiological dependence, high tolerance, alc-associated illness, depression/black outs, flushed face/red skin, continued drinking despite medical and social contradictions

EPHE 155 (3 decks)

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