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Y2 CLASP alcohol > Alcohol and nutrition > Flashcards

Alcohol and nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

How much absorption of alcohol happens in the stomach?

A

~ 20%

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2
Q

Where is the primary site of alcohol metabolism?

A

In the liver by oxidation

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3
Q

When does blood alcohol concentration peak after drinking?

A

~30-60 minutes

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4
Q

What 4 physical factors contribute to a persons blood alcohol concentration?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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5
Q

How can alcohol be removed from the blood?

A

Only by metabolism in the liver with time

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6
Q

What food is best to eat before drinking to keep blood alcohol concentration down?

A

Proteins, then lipids, then carbohydrates

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7
Q

How many calories are in a gram of alcohol?

A

7Kcal

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8
Q

How many calories are in a unit of alcohol?

A

56Kcal

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9
Q

What contributes to the higher alcohol tolerance of men over women on average?

A

Men on average have a greater lean body mass

Women have slightly lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

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10
Q

What % of daily calories are due to alcohol in people with alcohol use disorders?

A

35-50%

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11
Q

In the 19-64Yo age range what % of weekly calories are due to alcohol?

A

8.4%

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12
Q

In those over 64Yo what % of weekly calories are due to alcohol?

A

6.6%

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13
Q

Where can Vit.B1 be found

A 
Cereals
Beans
Nuts
Yeast
Meats
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14
Q

What 3 major processes need Vit.B1

A

ATP production
Normal nerve conduction
Maintenance of neural membranes

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15
Q

What is dry beriberi?

A

Neurological symptoms due to thiamine deficiency

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16
Q

What are the 3 major symptoms of dry beriberi?

A

Weakness
Numbness
Paralysis

17
Q

Where are the effects of dry beriberi most commonly felt

A

Usually in the lower limbs

18
Q

What is wet beriberi?

A

Cardiac symptoms due to thiamine deficiency

19
Q

What 3 things are most strongly associated with a diagnosis of wet beriberi?

A

Increased heart rate
Shortness of breath
High output cardiac failure

20
Q

Which of wernickes and korsakoffs is often reversible?

A

Wernickes

21
Q

What 3 symptoms are most strongly associated with a diagnosis of wernickes encephalopathy

A

Ataxia gait
Lateral nyagmas
Confusion

22
Q

What 3 symptoms are most strongly associated with a diagnosis of korsakoff syndrome

A

retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Confabulation

23
Q

Deficiencies in what commonly a macrocytic anemia in chronic alcoholics

A

Folate and B12

24
Q

Deficiency in what leads to pellagra?

A

Niacin

25
Q

What are the 4Ds of pellagra

A

Diarrhoea
Dementia
Dermatitis
Death

26
Q

Deficincy in Ca is common in alcoholics. Why and what does it cause?

A

Increased urinary excretion

Osteoparosis

27
Q

Besides from Ca what other mineral are alcoholics commonly deficient in?

A

Zinc

28
Q

What are the clinical signs of zinc deficiency

A

Lesions around: eyes, nose and mouth
Impaired wound healing and immune function
Impaired mental status

29
Q

What % of patients with alcoholic liver disease have glucose intolerance or diabetes?

A

45-70%

30
Q

What is the common cause of hyperglycemia in chronic alcoholics?

A

Alcohol consumption can lead to decreased insulin effectiveness

31
Q

What risk is possed to feotuses whos mothers drink in pregnancy

A

Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders

32
Q

What physical characteristics are associated with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders

A

Small eye openings
Smooth philitrum
Thin upper lip
Low body weight

33
Q

What non-physical characteristics are associated with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

A

Poor coordination
Low intelligence
Behavioral problems
Sight and hearing problems

34
Q

What is the maximum recommended amount of alcohol to consume whilst a woman is breast feeding

A

<1-2 units once or twice a week

35
Q

How many units are needed to affect a child’s development if he/she/they are breast feeding

A

> 2 units daily

36
Q

What symptoms can be seen in babies exposed to alcohol through breast milk

A

Drowsiness
Deep sleep
Weakness
Abnormal weight gain

Y2 CLASP alcohol (5 decks)

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