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GI Exam 2 > Alcohol Metabolism > Flashcards

Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Three pathways ethanol can go to acetaldehyde:

A

Catalase
ADH
Cytochrome P450

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2
Q

Why is fermentation done?

A

To regenerate NAD+

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3
Q

What does acetaldehyde turn into?

A

Acetate

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4
Q

What turns acetaldehyde to acetate?

A

ALDH 1: liver cytosol

ALDH 2: liver mitochondria

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5
Q

What occurs to acetate?

A

Turned to acetyl CoA by Acetyl CoA synthetase

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6
Q

What does Acetyl CoA do?

A

Turned into fatty acids

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7
Q

What is ALDH 1 used for?

A

Functional marker in stem cells

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8
Q

Male vs Female ethanol metabolism:

A

Male: more ADH in stomach mucosa more acetaldehyde in the blood
Female: less ADH in stomach mucosa more ethanol in the blood

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9
Q

Where are ALDH 2 mutations most often seen and what does it cause?

A

Japanese

More liver cancers

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10
Q

Steps in methanol metabolism:

A

Methanol (ADH)-> Formaldehyde (ALDH)-> Formate -> CO2 + H2O

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11
Q

What component of methanol metabolism causes blindness?

A

Formate

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12
Q

Treatment of methanol/ethylene glycol/isopropanol poisoning:

A

Bicarbonate for acidosis

Ethanol (higher affinity for ALDH)

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13
Q

Ethylene glycol metabolism:

A

Ethylene glycol (ADH)-> Glycolaldehyde (ALDH)-> Glycolate (ADH)-> Glycoxyacid (ALDH)-> Oxalate

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14
Q

How does ethylene glycol present?

A

Ethanol intoxication then drowsiness and coma

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15
Q

What can ethylene glycol cause and how?

A

Kidney failure

Oxalate complexes with calcium causing crystallization in kidney and organs

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16
Q

What is different about isopropyl alcohol poisoning?

A

Does not cause acidosis, blindness or kidney damage

17
Q

Methanol affect on cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, brain stem?

A

Cerebral cortex: impaired senses
Hippocampus: Impaired memory, exaggerated emotions
Cerebellum: impaired balance and movement
Brain stem: Impaired breathing and circulation

18
Q

What does moderate consumption of alcohol cause?

A

Decreased LDL

Increased HDL

19
Q

What occurs in fetal alcohol metabolism?

A

No ADH so must be cleared in the slower catalase and cytochrome P450 pathway causing much higher BAC in fetus than the mother

20
Q

What in red wine “helps” your heart?

A

Resveratrol

GI Exam 2 (20 decks)

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