Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
(20 cards)
Three pathways ethanol can go to acetaldehyde:
Catalase
ADH
Cytochrome P450
Why is fermentation done?
To regenerate NAD+
What does acetaldehyde turn into?
Acetate
What turns acetaldehyde to acetate?
ALDH 1: liver cytosol
ALDH 2: liver mitochondria
What occurs to acetate?
Turned to acetyl CoA by Acetyl CoA synthetase
What does Acetyl CoA do?
Turned into fatty acids
What is ALDH 1 used for?
Functional marker in stem cells
Male vs Female ethanol metabolism:
Male: more ADH in stomach mucosa more acetaldehyde in the blood
Female: less ADH in stomach mucosa more ethanol in the blood
Where are ALDH 2 mutations most often seen and what does it cause?
Japanese
More liver cancers
Steps in methanol metabolism:
Methanol (ADH)-> Formaldehyde (ALDH)-> Formate -> CO2 + H2O
What component of methanol metabolism causes blindness?
Formate
Treatment of methanol/ethylene glycol/isopropanol poisoning:
Bicarbonate for acidosis
Ethanol (higher affinity for ALDH)
Ethylene glycol metabolism:
Ethylene glycol (ADH)-> Glycolaldehyde (ALDH)-> Glycolate (ADH)-> Glycoxyacid (ALDH)-> Oxalate
How does ethylene glycol present?
Ethanol intoxication then drowsiness and coma
What can ethylene glycol cause and how?
Kidney failure
Oxalate complexes with calcium causing crystallization in kidney and organs
What is different about isopropyl alcohol poisoning?
Does not cause acidosis, blindness or kidney damage
Methanol affect on cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, brain stem?
Cerebral cortex: impaired senses
Hippocampus: Impaired memory, exaggerated emotions
Cerebellum: impaired balance and movement
Brain stem: Impaired breathing and circulation
What does moderate consumption of alcohol cause?
Decreased LDL
Increased HDL
What occurs in fetal alcohol metabolism?
No ADH so must be cleared in the slower catalase and cytochrome P450 pathway causing much higher BAC in fetus than the mother
What in red wine “helps” your heart?
Resveratrol
