Alcohol, Phenols, Ethers

Question 1

Oxygen is a Group VIA Element – has 6 valance electrons

Answer 1

• Two lone pairs
• Two bonding pairs, i.e., it can form two covalent bond

Question 2

Bonding in organic compounds:

Answer 2

Carbon forms four bonds
– Hydrogen forms one bond
– Oxygen forms two bonds

Question 3

An organic compound in which an —OH group is
bonded to a saturated carbon atom.

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

A carbon atom that is bonded to four
other atoms

Answer 4

Saturated carbon atom

Question 5

COMMON NAMES FOR ALCOHOLS
Name all of the carbon atoms of the molecule as a single
alkyl group.

Answer 5

rule 1

Question 6

COMMON NAMES FOR ALCOHOLS
Add the word alcohol, separating the worlds with a
space.

Answer 6

rule 2

Question 7

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Name the longest carbon chain to which the hydroxyl
group is attached.

Answer 7

rule 1

Question 8

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Number the chain starting at the end nearest the
hydroxyl group, and use the appropriate number to indicate the
position of the — OH group.

Answer 8

rule 2

Question 9

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
Name and locate any other substituents present

Answer 9

rule 3

Question 10

IUPAC RULES FOR NAMING ALCOHOLS
In alcohols where the—OH group is attached to a carbon
atom in a ring, the hydroxyl group is assumed to be on carbon 1.

Answer 10

rule 4

Question 11

__________ is possible for alcohols containing
three or more carbon atoms.

Answer 11

Constitutional isomerism

Question 12

Two types of isomers

Answer 12

– Skeletal isomers
– Positional isomers

Question 13

Good fuel and used as a solvent in paints

Answer 13

METHYL ALCOHOL (METHANOL)

Question 14

Also called grain alcohol as obtained by fermentation of grains
like corn, rice and barley.

Answer 14

ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)

Question 15

is a three-carbon monohydroxy alcohol

Answer 15

Isopropyl alcohol

Question 16

_______ is a triol with three -OH groups attached on three
adjacent carbon atoms

Answer 16

Glycerol

Question 17

have both polar and nonpolar character

Answer 17

Alcohol molecules

Question 18

the ______ group is nonpolar part of the molecule

Answer 18

The alkyl (R)

Question 19

The ________ group is polar part of the molecule

Answer 19

hydroxyl

Question 20

have higher boiling points than alkanes of
similar molecular mass.

Answer 20

Alcohols

Question 21

Prepared by hydration of alkenes

Answer 21

PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS

Question 22

-Like other hydrocarbons alcohols are also flammable.
- The _______ products are carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 22

COMBUSTION

Question 23

Also known as an elimination reaction

Answer 23

INTRAMOLECULAR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Question 24

The major product formed in an intramolecular alcohol
dehydration reaction is the alkene that has the greatest number
of alkyl groups attached to the carbon atoms of the double bond

Answer 24

ZAITISEV’S RULE

Question 25

In this reaction, two molecules of alcohol combine to form an ether (Condensation reaction)

Answer 25

INTERMOLECULAR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Question 26

Addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen

Answer 26

OXIDATION

Question 27

In this reaction a halogen atom is substituted for the hydroxyl group producing an alkyl halide.

Answer 27

HALOGENATION

Question 28

It is possible to synthesize polymeric alcohols with structures similar to those of substituted polyethylene

Answer 28

POLYMERIC ALCOHOLS

Question 29

An organic compound in which an —OH group is attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic carbon ring system

Answer 29

Phenol

Question 30

An aromatic carbon ring system from which one hydrogen atom has been removed.

Answer 30

Aryl group

Question 31

Low-melting solids or oily liquids at room temperature.

Answer 31

Phenols

Question 32

Unlike alcohols, phenols are weak acids in solution.

Answer 32

ACIDITY OF PHENOLS

Question 33

Oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms (functional group)

Answer 33

Ethers

Question 34

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE Select the longest carbon chain and use its name as the base name.

Answer 34

rule 1

Question 35

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE Change the “-yl” ending of the other hydrocarbon group to “-oxy” to obtain the alkoxy group name − Examples: methyl becomes methoxy, ethyl becomes ethoxy, etc.

Answer 35

rule 2

Question 36

IUPAC NOMENCLATURE Place the alkoxy name, with a locator number, in front of the base chain name.

Answer 36

rule 3

Question 37

Ethers and alcohols with the same number of carbon atoms and the same degree of saturation have the same molecular formula

Answer 37

FUNCTIONAL GROUP ISOMERISM

Question 38

The boiling points of ethers are similar to those of alkanes of comparable molecular mass and are much lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular mass

Answer 38

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Question 39

Ethers are Flammable, e.g., Diethyl ether has boiling point of 35C and therefore a flash-fire hazard.

Answer 39

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Question 40

Contain the ether functional groups as part of a ring system (heterocyclic organic compounds).

Answer 40

CYCLIC ETHERS

Question 41

are named in the same way as alcohols in the IUPAC system, except that the “–ol” becomes ______

Answer 41

“-thiol.”

Question 42

Have strong, disagreeable odor

Answer 42

PROPERTIES OF THIOLS

Question 43

An organic compound in which a sulfur atom is bonded to two carbon atoms by single bonds.

Answer 43

Thioethers (or sulfides)

Question 44

are more reactive than their alcohol and ether counterparts

Answer 44

Thiols

Question 45

_________ is a gas at room temperature and ethyl methyl sulfide is a liquid.

Answer 45

Dimethyl sulfide