Alcohols

Question 1

Primary

Answer 1

C-OH attached to one other carbon

Question 2

Secondary

Answer 2

C-OH attached to two other carbons

Question 3

Tertiary

Answer 3

C-OH attached to three other carbon

Question 4

Boiling point of alcohol

Answer 4

1. hydrogen bonds
2. require lots of energy to overcome
3. high boiling point

Question 5

Miscibility with water

Answer 5

1. hydrogen bonds with H2O form
2. Mr of alcohol increases, miscibility decreases

Question 6

Combustion of alcohol

Answer 6

produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

Alcohol to ketone

Answer 7

Reagents: secondary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

Question 8

Alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 8

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, distillation
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

Question 9

Alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 9

Reagents: primary alcohol/ K2Cr2O7
Conditions: c.H2SO4, reflux
Observations: orange to dark green
Mechanism: oxidation

Question 10

Alcohol to alkene

Answer 10

Reagents: c. H3PO4
Conditions: reflux, heat
Mechanism: elimination/ dehydration

Question 11

Equation of alcohol to carbonyl

Answer 11

alcohol + [O] -> carbonyl + H2O

Question 12

Equation of alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 12

alcohol + 2[O] -> carboxylic acid + H2O

Question 13

Alcohol to haloalkane

Answer 13

Reagents: NaBr
Conditions: H2SO4
Mechanisms: nucleophilic substitution
Side product: H2O

Question 14

Reactivity of alcohols

Answer 14

C-O and O-H are polar bonds

Question 15

Oxidation of tertiary alcohols

Answer 15

1. resistant
2. attached carbon doesn’t have hydrogen

Question 16

Alcohol to ester (1)

Answer 16

Reagents: carboxylic acid
Conditions: c. H2SO4
Mechanism: esterification
Side product: H2O

Question 17

Alcohol to ester

Answer 17

Reagents: acid anhydride

• readily reacts
• not reversible