alcohols Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is the general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
what is the alcohol functional group
-OH
why are alcohols polar
the electronegative oxygen from the hydroxyl group pulls the electrons in the C-OH bond away from the carbon
why are alcohols soluble in water
due to the polarity of the hydroxyl group it is able to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
why are shorter chained alcohols more soluble than longer chain alcohols
as carbons increase, most of the molecule is non-polar so theres less attraction between the hydroxyl group and water molecules
why are alcohols less volatile than alkanes
they can form hydrogen bonds with eachother, hydrogen bonds are the strongest type of IMF
what are the reagents and conditions to turn an alcohol into a haloalkane
sodium halide + H2SO4
what type of reaction is the conversion of an alcohol into a haloalkane
substitution reaction
what are the reagents and conditions to turn an alcohol into an alkene
H2SO4 + heat
what type of reaction is the conversion between an alcohol and an alkene
elimination (dehydration)
what happens when an alcohol dehydrates
loses a water molecule
write an equation for forming ethene from ethanol
C2H5OH -> C2H4 + H2O
what is the easiest way to oxidise an alcohol
combustion
write an equation for the complete oxidation of ethanol
C2H5OH + 4.5O2 ->
2CO2 + 6H2O
what are the reagents and conditions to form an aldehyde from an alcohol
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
distillation
primary alcohol
what are the reagents and conditions to form a carboxylic acid from an alcohol
excess K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
reflux
primary alcohol
write an equation to show the formation of propanal from propan-1-ol
CH3CH2CH2OH + [O] ->
CH3CH2CHO + H2O
write an equation to show the formation of propanoic acid from propan-1-ol
CH3CH2CH2OH + 2[O] ->
CH3CH2COOH + H2O
what are the reagents and conditions to form a ketone from an alcohol
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
reflux
secondary alcohol
write an equation for the formation of propanone from propan-2-ol
CH3CHOHCH3 + [O] ->
CH3COCH3 + H2O
what is observed when alcohols are oxidised
orange - green colour change
what is responsible for the orange - green colour change
Cr2O72- being reduced to Cr3+
