Alcohols Flashcards
(20 cards)
What forms if you oxidise a secondary alcohol?
A ketone
What conditions are needed for the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
Concentrated sulphuric acid, acidified potassium dichromate (VI), strong heating, reflux
Write an equation for the oxidation of propan-2-ol
CH3CH(OH)CH3 + [O] ➡️ CH3COCH3 + H2O
Is it possible to oxidise a tertiary alcohol?
No
What is a dehydration reaction?
A reaction where water is lost to form an organic compound
What are the products of a dehydration reaction of an alcohol?
Alkene and Water
What are the conditions required for dehydration of an alcohol?
Concentrated sulphuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid at 170*C
What are the products of the halide substitution reaction with alcohol?
Haloalkane and Water
What kind of intermolecular forces do alcohols have? Why?
Hydrogen Bonding, due to the difference in electronegativity in the OH bond
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
Hydroxyl Group - OH
What is the general formula of an alcohol?
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
How do alcohols’ melting point and boiling point and melting point compare to other hydrocarbons of similar C chain lengths? Why?
•Higher
•They have hydrogen bonding (strongest type of IMF)
•Stronger than London forces
Are alcohols soluble in water? Why does solubility depend on chain length?
•Soluble when short chain - OH hydrogen bonds to hydrogen bond in water
•Insoluble when long chain - non-polarity of C-H bond takes precedence
What makes an alcohol primary?
C bonded to OH is only bonded to one other C atom
What makes an alcohol secondary?
C bonded to OH is bonded to two other C atoms
What makes an alcohol tertiary?
C bonded to OH is bonded to three other C atoms
What forms if you partially oxidise a primary alcohol?
An aldehyde
What conditions are needed to partially oxidise a primary alcohol?
Dilute sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), distill product as it’s produced, gentle heating
What forms if you fully oxidise a primary alcohol?
A carboxylic acid
What conditions are needed to fully oxidise a primary alcohol?
Concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), reflux, strong heating
