Alcohols Flashcards
(18 cards)
Name two methods for manufacturing ethanol
- ethene + steam
- fermentation of glucose
What temperature is needed for ethene + steam
- 300 degrees Celsius
- (range of 250-350 degrees Celsius is accepted)
What catalyst is needed for ethene + steam
- phosphoric acid catalyst
Pressure needed for ethene + steam
- 65 atm
- (range of 60-70 atm is accepted)
What is required for ethene + steam (summary)
- phosphoric acid catalyst
- 300 degrees Celsius
- 65 atm
What condition is needed for fermentation of glucose
- absence of air
What enzymes are required for fermentation of glucose
- zymase enzymes
- in yeast
What is the optimum temperature for fermentation of glucose
- 30 degrees Celsius
- (room temperature)
Why is there an optimum temperature for fermentation of glucose
- enzymes denature otherwise
Why is absence of air needed for fermentation of glucose
- otherwise yeast would respire aerobically
- and also ethanol produced would be oxidised into ethanoic acid
Pros of using Ethene + steam for producing ethanol TEMPLATE (6)
- product is purer
- reaction is faster
- continuous process is more efficient
- greater atom economy
- ethene is available
Is ethene + steam method continuous or batch process
- Continuous process
Is fermentation of glucose method a continuous or batch process
- batch process
Batch v continuous process TEMPLATE (3)
- batch process slower
- batch process less pure
- batch process uses renewable resources (glucose) + continuous uses finite resources (crude oil)
Cons of fermentation of glucose method
- lots of land needed to grow sugar cane
- warm climate needed to grow sugar cane
- batch process is less efficient
Name of enzyme in yeast
- zymase
What is the functional group of alcohol
-OH
Name 3 ways of oxidizing ethanol
- complete combustion of ethanol in air (producing CO2 + H2O)
- microbial oxidation (producing ethanoic acid)
- reaction with potassium dichromate 6 (and sulfuric acid)
