ALDEHYDES AND KETONES Flashcards
What functional group do both aldehydes and ketones have
Carbonyl, C=O
What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone
The positioning of the carbonyl group
Where is the carbonyl group on an aldehyde
At an end carbon
Where is the carbonyl group on a ketone
On an inner carbon
What do aldehydes end in
-al
What do ketones end in
-one
How are aldehydes oxidized
Readily
How are ketones oxidized
They cannot be oxidized
Show the oxidation of both an aldehyde and a ketone
…
What test can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
Tollen’s silver mirror test
How is Tollen’s reagent made
Silver nitrate is added to a test tube. A few drops of sodium hydroxide is added, forming a pale brown precipitate. Add a few drops of dilute ammonia until the precipitate dissolves.
How do you use Tollen’s to test for aldehydes
Add sample to a test tube of Tollen’s reagent, then place in a hot water bath. Observe the formation of a silver mirror on the test tube to confirm the presence of an aldehyde
What is the formula of Tollen’s reagent
[Ag(NH3)2]+
Why do we not use a Bunsen flame when doing the silver mirror test
Aldehydes and ketones are flammable
What is Tollen’s reagent
An oxidizing agent