Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

Preperation of Aldehydes & Ketones

Answer 1

i. oxidation of alcohols (1 deg-ald; 2 deg-ket)
ii. dehydration of alcohols (cu at 373K)
iii. from hydrocarbons
- ozonolysis of alkenes
- hydration of alkynes( water+ ethene w/ dil h2so4/Hgso4 at 60 C will give acetaldehyde)

Question 2

Preperation Of Aldehydes

Answer 2

From acyl chloride
From nitriles and esters
From hydrocarbons
- oxidation of methylbenzene
-> use of chromyl chloride
-> use of chromic oxide
- side chain chlorination + hydrolysis
- gatterman-koch

Question 3

From acylc chloride

Answer 3

Rosenmund

Question 4

Nitriles & Esters

Answer 4

Stephen , DIBAL-H

Question 5

Oxidation of methyl benzene

Answer 5

Etard, using Cr03

Question 6

side-chain chlorination followed by hydrolysis

Question 7

Gatterman-Koch

Question 8

Preperation of Ketones

Answer 8

i. From acyl Chloride (CdCl2 + RMgX)
ii. From nitrile
iii. From benzene or substituted benzene (Friedel Craft Acylation)