Alexander II

Question 1

Who was his tutor?

Answer 1

Vasily Zhukovsky

Question 2

When sevastopol fall?

Answer 2

Sept 1855

Question 3

What was the peace treaty called?

Answer 3

Treaty of paris

Question 4

How many peasant uprisings were there in decade leading upto Crimean war?

Answer 4

300

Question 5

When was a secret committee set up to look into emancipation?

Answer 5

1857

Question 6

When did alexander start giving pro emancipation speeches?

Answer 6

1858

Question 7

What did zemstva have no control over?

Answer 7

Taxes and the police

Question 8

Who were local officials appointed by and what powers did they have?

Answer 8

Appointed by provincial governor and could veto decisions

Question 9

How was conscription changed?

Answer 9

Compulsory for all classes, from 21 - 15 yrs service/ 10 reserves

Question 10

What was abandoned in milyutin’s reforms?

Answer 10

Military colonies

Question 11

What was improved in the military?

Answer 11

Better provisioning & medical care; new weaponry & command structure

Question 12

What was the range of russian rifles in comparison to british & french in the crimean war?

Answer 12

Had half the range

Question 13

What were set up in Milyutin’s reforms?

Answer 13

Military colleges

Question 14

What in turn improved as a result of the military reforms?

Answer 14

Literacy rates

Question 15

What were the courts set up to deal especially with peasant cases called?

Answer 15

Volost

Question 16

What reforms were made to the judges?

Answer 16

Appointed by Tsar, got improved training & pay over time

Question 17

How often were the local justices of the peace elected?

Answer 17

Every 3 years

Question 18

What was censorship like in court rooms?

Answer 18

Could be freely reported

Question 19

What happened for the first time under the new censorship reforms?

Answer 19

Foreign publications were sold in Russia

Question 20

How many books were being published, in 1855; 1864 then 1894?

Answer 20

1,020; 1,836 & 10,691

Question 21

However what could the ministry of internal affairs do?

Answer 21

Fine publishers

Question 22

Who was in control of education?

Answer 22

The zemstva

Question 23

How did primary schools grow in 1880?

Answer 23

From 8,000 to 23,000

Question 24

What was rise in kids in primary education?

Answer 24

400k to 1m +

Question 25

How much of govt spending was on debt?

Answer 25

1/3

Question 26

What was abolished in economic reforms?

Answer 26

Tax farming

Question 27

Who was appointed minister of finance?

Answer 27

Mikhail von Reutern

Question 28

What were set up in 1860, 62, & 69?

Answer 28

Central bank; municipal banks; savings banks

Question 29

How did the rail network expand from 1860 to 1878?

Answer 29

1,000 miles to 13,979 miles

Question 30

What was the max loan a business could take out?

Answer 30

1.8 billion roubles (£22.5 million)

Question 31

What happened in 1863 that caused a turn around in the treatment of Jews and Poles?

Answer 31

The polish rebellion

Question 32

What powers did governor generals gain in 1879?

Answer 32

Emergency powers to prosecute in military courts & to exile political prisoners

Question 33

Whose case outlined the problem in show trials?

Answer 33

Vera Zasulich - found not guilty of shooting governor of St Petersburg Dmitri Trepov

Question 34

Who was appointed Minister of education later on?

Answer 34

Dmitry Tolstoy

Question 35

What did gimnazii schools stop teaching?

Answer 35

Natural sciences

Question 36

What did gimnazii schools stop teaching?

Answer 36

Natural sciences

Question 37

What body gained control over rural schools?

Answer 37

The church

Question 38

As of 1871, which students could go to university?

Answer 38

Students from higher gimnaziya schools

Question 39

What was Barschina?

Answer 39

Payment through labour

Question 40

By what percentage did the size of peasant land holdings fall in Ukraine after emancipation?

Answer 40

30.8%

Question 41

In which year were towns given Dumas?

Answer 41

1870

Question 42

Educated strand of liberal opposition

Answer 42

Intelligentsia

Question 43

Direct taxation on newly emancipated serfs

Answer 43

Redemption Payment

Question 44

Which group assassinated Alexander II?

Answer 44

The People's Will

Question 45

What was the secret police called?

Answer 45

The third section

Question 46

What was Russia's grain production like, in comparison to the west?

Answer 46

1/3 of what UK and Germany produced, Rye production 80% of what France and U.S produced

Question 47

Why, mechanically speaking, were Russian farmers behind their western counterparts?

Answer 47

They used Wood Ploughs

Question 48

How much of the army was literate by the mid 1860's?

Answer 48

7%

Question 49

What changed in 1864?

Answer 49

What to learn decided by school boards (run by zemstva)

Question 50

How did schooling change in the 1870's?

Answer 50

In 1870, Tolstoy removed some of Zemstva's power, by 1877 ministry had almost complete control over zemstva

Question 51

What did Alexander do after the emancipation of the serfs?

Answer 51

Replaced his liberal ministers with more conservative ones

Question 52

What was the Tchaikovsky circle?

Answer 52

Established by Nikolai Tchaikovsky in 1968/9 - published revolutionary literature

Question 53

Who translated the communist manifesto and Das Kapital into Russian, and when did it happen, what happened to the author as a consequence?

Answer 53

Mikhail Bakunin - CM = 1869, DK =1872, he was exiled

Question 54

What did Sergei Nechaev call for?

Answer 54

For students to assassinate the Tsar in book 'Catechism of a revolutionary'

Question 55

What did land and liberty do in 1878?

Answer 55

Assassinated general mezemtsev (head of third section)

Question 56

Which peaceful branch of land and liberty was shut down in 1881?

Answer 56

Black repartition

Question 57

What did 'Young Russia' call for in 1862?

Answer 57

"Bloody and merciless revolution" - written by students

Question 58

What was the first govt newspaper called and when was it first issued?

Answer 58

Ruskii - 1865

Question 59

How much of Govt revenue came from indirect taxation?

Answer 59

2/3

Question 60

Who had train track mileage changed from 1866 to 1878?

Answer 60

2,194 to 13,979

Question 61

How had train traffic changed from 1866 to 1883?

Answer 61

3m tons to 24m tons

Question 62

How much of the vote did the gentry hold?

Answer 62

45%

Question 63

What was Loris-Melikov's constitution?

Answer 63

A plan to draw up a national committee

Question 64

What were town and rural populations like in 1855 and 1881?

Answer 64

5% and over 75%

Question 65

Who was the initial minister for education?

Answer 65

Golovnin