Alexander III Counter-reforms + Russification Flashcards

Question

Alexander III and anti-Semitism

Answer 1

Many pogroms broke out and authorities did little to stop them, many raped + murdered Alex passed many laws to restrict movement of Jews who were forced to live in ghettoes Many emigrated or were expelled and ppl turned to revolutionary groups e.g Trotsky

Answer 2

1903, began in Kishinev and in 2 days, 47 Jews were murdered, 400 wounded, 700 houses burned down and 600 shops were destroyed

Answer 3

Region in south-west European Russia created in 1791 which is were most Jews were confined to Jewish properties burnt, many rapes and murders

Answer 4

Under Alex II anti-semitism existed in poorer parts of society due to teachings of Orthodox church But Alex II had allowed Jews to settle elsewhere until Polish revolt frightened him into withdrawing concessions and reducing participation of Jews in town govt. This encouraged anti-Semitism

Answer 5

He believed that' one third should emigrate, one third should die and one third such assimilate'

Answer 6

The right wing Russian press encouraged the belief that Jews had orchestrated the assassination of his father and that there was a real fear of Jewish involvement in growing opposition movements Also Pobedonostev

Answer 7

Jews forbidden to settle outside cities and towns of less than 10,000 ppl Any Jewish contracts regarding property outside cities and towns will be of no effect Jews forbidden to do business on Sundays and Christian holidays

Answer 8

Many Jews left country after pogroms Grand Duke Alexandrovich forced 20,000 jews from Moscow during passover Drove loads towards revolutionary groups, particularly Marxist socialist organisations e.g Trotsky

Answer 9

Reversed most trends made by his father but not all May 1881, law reduced redemption fees May 1885 poll tax abolished and inheritance tax introduced 1883 establishment of the Peasants' Land Bank under Bunge

Answer 10

Zemstva largely responsible for relief work and increased conviction and showed that tsarist regime needed to change, emphasised by Orlando Figes who said the famine was a turning point in opposition and there were renewed calls by zemstva for national body

Answer 11

Security was stepped up after People's Will assassinated Alex II which effectively ended populist movement

Answer 12

``` Based on political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and involved theory that govt. would control all resources and means of production to ensure equality Believed in no class system and everyone should be rewarded in correlation to amount of work they did ```

Answer 13

1883, first Marxist group in Tsarist Russia, and made effort to translate Marx and Engels' work into Russian for public to read, inspiring many to turn to Marxism as a way to change Russia

Answer 14

1895 was program based on theories of Marx and Engels Was illegal for most of its existence Formed to unite various revolutionary organisations of Russian Empire into one party in 1898 Later split to Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Answer 15

``` 1903, founded by Lenin and Bogdanov Mainly consisted of workers who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia ```

Answer 16

First was to progress Bourgeois movement (get rid of feudal system) and to bring rights of lower classes to light Demanded a democracy and ultimately wanted to mould Russia into a socialist republic as they saw capitalism as greedy and wrong

Answer 17

Propaganda amongst workers (mainly a Bolshevik scheme) where ppl were told that living conditions would improve if wealth was distributed fairly Used clandestine cell system which allowed terrorist groups to avoid detection

Alexander III Counter-reforms + Russification Flashcards

(43 cards)