Alfred Adler Lecture 4

Question 2

Grouzet et al.

Answer 2

examined whether a two-dimensional goal circumflex would generalize cross-culturally

Question 3

grouzet et al. hypothesized

Answer 3

there would be two orthogonal (independent) dimensions along which goals tend to fall

Question 4

orthogonal

Answer 4

standing on one dimensions unrelated to standing on another

Question 5

dimension 1

Answer 5

extrinsic vs. intrinsic

Question 6

dimension 2

Answer 6

self-transcendent vs. physical
*eg. spirituality vs. hedonism

Question 7

studied goals

Answer 7

1. affiliation
2. community feeling
3. conformity
4. financial success
5. hedonism (pleasure of senses)
6. spirituality
7. image
8. physical health
9. popularity
10. safety
11. self-acceptance

Question 8

rich country circumplex
transcendence

Answer 8

spirituality

Question 9

rich country circumplex
transcendence-intrinsic

Answer 9

community

Question 10

rich country circumplex
intrinsic-physical

Answer 10

physical health, safety

Question 11

rich country circumplex
physical

Answer 11

hedonism

Question 12

rich country circumplex
physical-extrinsic

Answer 12

financial success

Question 13

rich country circumplex
extrinsic

Answer 13

popularity, image

Question 14

rich country circumplex
extrinsic-transcendence

Answer 14

conformity

Question 15

poor country circumplex
extrinsic

Answer 15

popularity, image

Question 16

poor country circumplex
intrinsic

Answer 16

affiliation, acceptance, health, safety

Question 17

poor country circumplex
transcendence-extrinsic

Answer 17

conformity

Question 18

poor country circumplex
transcendence-intrinsic

Answer 18

community

Question 19

financial success was not well modeled

Answer 19

poor country circumplex

Question 20

self-acceptance was not well modeled

Answer 20

rich country circumplex

Question 21

consciously articulated conformity

Answer 21

equal mixture of extrinsic and transcendent strivings

Question 22

cross-cultural generalization of E-I and S-P dimensions suggest some “human” similarities of goal structure

Answer 22

1. intrinsically motivated to satisfy psychological needs
2. extrinsically motivated to achieve rewards and praise
3. transcendent “existential quest” to find life meaning

Question 23

Alfred Adler

Answer 23

we can seek to overcome human frailty and imperfection by either striving for personal superiority (destructive) or social success (constructive)

Question 24

Albert Bandura

Answer 24

“transcendent” motives are in reality facile rationalizations for atrocious behavior

Question 25

two theories for motivational functioning

Answer 25

1. goal contents theory 2. organismic integration theory

Question 26

goal contents theory

Answer 26

what are you trying ot get from your behavior

Question 27

organismic integration theory

Answer 27

concerned with the reasons for engaging in the behavior

Question 28

Sheldon et al study 1 & 2: measured participants goal complexes by examining statements that they made that applied to their lives in general. Statements took the form of "I will try to be 'x' because of 'Y' extrinsic or intrinsic aims were characterized as either controlling or autonomous

Answer 28

Results: pursuing extrinsic aims for controlling reasons led to more moral disengagement both in the moment and across time

Question 29

Sheldon et al. study 3: participants were given geometrical reasoning problems to solve. They had to solve them by copying the image without lifting their pencil or repeating any line * 3/6 were unsolvable, praticipants were timed and paid for how many they solved

Answer 29

Results: pursuing extrinsic goals for controlling reasons increased actual unethical behavior: cheating