Alimentary 1: Esophagus and Stomach

Question 1

mucosa includes

Answer 1

• epithelial lining
• propria
• muscularis mucosa

Question 2

what is located in the submucosa

Answer 2

• glands

- nerves

Question 3

orientation of externa

Answer 3

• 2 layers of smooth muscle at right angles
• outer longitudinal
• inner circular

Question 4

mucosal lining of the esophagus

Answer 4

• SSNKE
• lamina propria
• muscularis mucosae

Question 5

submucosa of the esophagus

Answer 5

• loose CT

- esophogeal glands

Question 6

muscularis externa of the esophagus

Answer 6

upper third=skeletal
middle third = mixed
lower third = smooth
-inner circular outer longitudinal

Question 7

where is the adventitia of the esophagus located

Answer 7

-thorax

Question 8

where is the serosa located

Answer 8

abdominal cavity

Question 9

distinctive characteristic of the esophagus

Answer 9

-longitudinal muscularus mucosa

Question 10

nerves from the submucosa plexus (meissners) go to

Answer 10

muscularus mucosa

Question 11

secretions of the esophagus

Answer 11

bicarb

• mucins
• antimicrobials
• pepsinogen
• EGF

Question 12

where does the esophagus enter the abdomen

Answer 12

-esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 13

what is the narrowest portion of the digestive tract

Answer 13

esophagus

Question 14

serosa

Answer 14

• this is on the visceral side of the hollow organ

- most of abdominal part

Question 15

invaginations of the lamina propria

Answer 15

-these contain caps and nerve endings

Question 16

what types of glands are found in the esophagus

Answer 16

serous and mucus

-mixed

Question 17

gastroesophageal junction

Answer 17

-goes from SSNKE to simple solumnar in the stomach

Question 18

barrett esophagus

Answer 18

• metaplasia occurs when acids from the stomach gets into the esophagus
• this is a protective function but in the end causes hard by the cell growth being uncontrolled

Question 19

exocrine secretions of the stomach

Answer 19

• mucus
• HCl
• intrinsic factor
• pepsinogens/pepsins
• gastric lipase
• lysozyme

Question 20

intrinsic factor

Answer 20

glycoprotein needed for absorption of vitamin B12

Question 21

endocrine secretions of the stomach

Answer 21

-hormones: gastrin, ghrelin, and somatostatin

Question 22

stomach mucosa

Answer 22

• simple columnar epithelium
• mucosal glands in the lamina propria surrounded by loose Ct
• muscularus mucosae has inner circular and outer longitudinal

Question 23

submucosa of the stomach

Answer 23

• dense CT

- no glands

Question 24

muscularis externa of the stomach

Answer 24

-inner oblique and outer longi

Question 25

lower esophogeal sphincter

Answer 25

- inner circular muscle (clasp) | - oblique fibers at cardial notch this is a gastric sling

Question 26

arrangement of pits and glands in the stomach

Answer 26

- cardial: short/short - fundus/body: Short/long - pyloric glands: long/short

Question 27

cells found in the pits/glands of the fundic region

Answer 27

- pariteal cells in the middle - chief cells toward the bottom - enteroendocrine cells at the bottom

Question 28

parietal cells

Answer 28

- secrete HCl - secrete intrinsic factor (for VB12 absorption) - active have white spaces where the cannuliculi have expanded - have many mitochondria surrounding inner surface of plasma mem to produce ATP to secrete HCl

Question 29

chief (zymogenic) cells

Answer 29

-secrete pepsinogen, lipase, chymosin

Question 30

smooth muscle of the fundic stomach

Answer 30

-projects between the pits in order the allow the tissue to be squeezed and glanduar contents released

Question 31

cells of the pyloric region

Answer 31

- mostly mucous | - enteroendocrine

Question 32

H pylori

Answer 32

releases ammonia in order to neutralize its environment in the stomach - once colonized, creates an inflammatory response - surface components mimic those of the cell surface therefore Ab's made against it will target stomach epithelial cells

Question 33

gastritis - acute - chronic

Answer 33

- acute: mild, temproary, may be caused by agents that render the lining. epithelium sensitive to acid induced damage. could be due to alcohol or NSAIDs - chronic: progressive, irreversible decay (atrophy) of the stomach mucosa. May be autoimmune in nature or caused by bacterial infection usually h pylori. may lead to pernicious anemia

Question 34

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 34

- manny found in the glands | - secrete somatostatin, ghrelin, enterochromaffin

Question 35

pyloric sphincter

Answer 35

-thickened inner circular muscle is what allows the lips of the sphincter to close