Alimentary / GI System

Question 1

Esophagus lies _____ to the trachea.

Answer 1

posterior

Question 2

Esophagus is made out of ___________, and ____________ muscle.

Answer 2

skeletal, smooth

Question 3

Skeletal muscle is voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 3

voluntary

Question 4

Smooth muscle is voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 4

involuntary

Question 5

Esophageal atresia

Answer 5

malformation of esophagus

Question 6

fistula

Answer 6

abnormal passageway connecting two organs

Question 7

atresia

Answer 7

absence of opening

Question 8

mastication

Answer 8

chewing

Question 9

deglutition

Answer 9

swallowing

Question 10

First step of digestion

Answer 10

mastication (chewing)

Question 11

dysphagia

Answer 11

difficulty swallowing

Question 12

esophageal varices

Answer 12

swollen, varicose veins at the distal (lower) end of the esophagus

Question 13

esophagitis

Answer 13

inflammation of the esophagus

Question 14

GERD

Answer 14

gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Question 15

esophageal reflux

Answer 15

(chronic) return of stomach contents into the esophagus

Question 16

linx ring

Answer 16

many patients who suffer from GERD often get a “linx ring”, which acts like a closing passage way & stretches to allow food, and closes to ensure no reflux

Question 17

esophageal diverticula

Answer 17

outpouchings of the esophageal wall
- mushroom looking

Question 18

Zenker’s (esophageal diverticula)

Answer 18

outpouchings in the top/ proximal esophagus

Question 19

Midesophageal (Traction) Diverticula

Answer 19

outpouchings in the mid esophagus

Question 20

Epiphrenic diverticula

Answer 20

outpouching found in the lower/ distal esophagus

Question 21

diverticula

Answer 21

one

Question 22

diverticulum

Answer 22

multiple (2+)

Question 23

divertriculitis

Answer 23

multiple (2+) and inflammed

Question 24

esophageal achalasia

Answer 24

an abnormal condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly due to SWELLING or OBSTRUCTION and prevents food from going into stomach “blockage”

Question 25

perforation

Answer 25

tear in the muscle lining of the duodenum

Question 26

Mallory-Weiss syndrome ("Apple Core" effect)

Answer 26

a tear or laceration of mucous membrane where stomach & esophagus meet

Question 27

If pt is in LPO position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 27

Barium in the fundus (top) Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

Question 28

If pt is in RAO position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 28

Air in fundus (top) Barium in pylorus (bottom)

Question 29

If pt is in AP position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 29

Barium in the fundus (top) Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

Question 30

If pt is in PA position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 30

Air in fundus (top) Barium in pylorus (bottom)

Question 31

If pt is in Right Lateral position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 31

Air in fundus (top) Barium in pylorus (bottom)

Question 32

If pt is in Left Lateral position, where is barium and where is air located in the stomach?

Answer 32

Barium in the fundus (top) Air in the pylorus ( bottom)

Question 33

RAO: Barium in ____ Air in _____

Answer 33

Barium in pylorus Air in fundus

Question 34

LPO: Barium in ____ Air in ____

Answer 34

Barium in fundus Air in pylorus

Question 35

AP: Barium in ____ Air in ____

Answer 35

Barium in fundus Air in pylorus

Question 36

PA: Barium in ____ Air in ____

Answer 36

Barium in pylorus Air in fundus

Question 37

Left Lateral Barium in ____ Air in ____

Answer 37

Barium in fundus Air in pylorus

Question 38

Right Lateral Barium in ____ Air in ____

Answer 38

Barium in pylorus Air in fundus

Question 39

Best position to lie down when stomach is full?

Answer 39

RAO

Question 40

gastritis

Answer 40

inflammation of the stomach

Question 41

gastroentroitis

Answer 41

inflammation of the stomach and small bowel lining

Question 42

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Answer 42

Chronic irritation, burning pain, and possibly form an ulcer - involves stomach (lesser curvature) and duodenum - caused by the action of acid and enzyme pepsin secreted by the stomach

Question 43

gastric ulcer

Answer 43

ulcer located in the stomach - can be benign (not dangerous) - can be malignant (dangerous)

Question 44

hiatal hernia

Answer 44

a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

Question 45

inguinal hernia

Answer 45

bowel goes through inguinal muscle into scrotum

Question 46

How long is small intestine?

Answer 46

18-20 ft

Question 47

How long is duodenum?

Answer 47

10 inches

Question 48

How long is the jejunum?

Answer 48

8 ft

Question 49

How long is ileum?

Answer 49

10-12 ft

Question 50

Duodenum is.. A - Superior B - In the middle C - Inferior

Answer 50

A - Superior

Question 51

Jejunum is... A - Superior B - In the middle C - Inferior

Answer 51

B - In the middle

Question 52

Ileum is... A - Superior B - In the middle C - Inferior

Answer 52

C - Inferior

Question 53

crohn's disease

Answer 53

a chronic autoimmune disorder that is most often found in the ileum and in the colon - cobblestone appearance - AKA regional enteritis

Question 54

celiac disease

Answer 54

- malabsorption in the small intestine - sensitive to wheat products - non-uniform appearance on image

Question 55

4 Regions of the large intestine

Answer 55

1. cecum 2. colon 3. rectum 4. anus

Question 56

Positive contrast agent:

Answer 56

Barium

Question 57

Negative contrast agent:

Answer 57

Fizzies (or air)

Question 58

Which parts of the colon are anterior?

Answer 58

Sigmoid and Transverse colon

Question 59

Which parts of the colon are posterior?

Answer 59

Ascending colon, descending colon, & rectum

Question 60

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

Answer 60

blockage in the intestinal tract

Question 61

partial bowel obstruction includes...

Answer 61

liquid, stool, and gas (may pass)

Question 62

complete bowel obstruction

Answer 62

prevents passage of all contents and fluid through the bowel, nothing will be able to pass

Question 63

What are two ways we can identify the ileus?

Answer 63

1. step ladder affect 2. stacked coin appearance

Question 64

intussusception

Answer 64

(SMALL OR LARGE) bowel folds in on itself - in some cases small intestine can fold into the colon

Question 65

volvulus

Answer 65

(SMALL OR LARGE) bowel twist on itself; torsion

Question 66

ulcerative colitis

Answer 66

chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers - tube like appearance - no haustral markings