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GI Pathology > Alimentary Pharmacology > Flashcards

Alimentary Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What drug classes can be used for acid suppression?

A

Antacids
H2 receptor agonists
Proton pump inhibitors

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2
Q

What drug classes can be used for GI motility?

A

Anti-emetics
Anti-muscarinics (and other anti-spasmodics)
Anti-motility

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3
Q

What drugs can be used for IBD?

A

Aminosalicylates
Corticosteroids
Immunosupressants
Biologics

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4
Q

What drugs can affect intestinal secretions?

A

Bile acid sequestrants and ursodeoxycholic acid

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5
Q

How do antacids cause acid suppression?

A

They contain magnesium or aluminium which neutralise gastric acid

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6
Q

How do alginates cause acid suppression?

A

They form a viscous gel that floats on top of the stomach contents and reduces reflux

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7
Q

How do H2-receptor antagonists cause acid suppression?

A

They block histamine receptors and so reduce acid secretion

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8
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors cause acid suppression?

A

They block proton pumps and so reduce acid secretion

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9
Q

How do drugs that decrease motility function?

A

Decrease Ach release via opiate receptors in GI tract

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10
Q

What are the three mechanisms of anti-spasmodics?

A
  1. Anti-cholinergic muscarinic antagonist inhibit smooth muscle constriction in the gut wall, producing muscle relaxation and reduction spasm.
  2. Direct smooth muscle relaxants
  3. Calcium-channel blockers reduce calcium required for smooth muscle contraction
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11
Q

What are the four types of laxative?

A

Bulk
Osmotic
Stimulants
Softeners

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12
Q

What issues are associated with the use of laxatives?

A

Obstruction
Route of administration (Oral/rectal)
Misuse
Need for other measures (osmotic laxatives require sufficient fluid intake)

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13
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of aminosalicylates?

A

GI upset
Renal impairment
Blood dyscrasias

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of infliximab?

A

Current TB or serious infection
MS
Pregnancy/breast feeding

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15
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of infliximab?

A 
Risk of infection- particularly TB
Infusion reaction
Anaemia
Demyelination
Malignancy
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16
Q

Describe the mechanism of cholestyramine

A

Reduces bile salts by binding with them in the gut and then excreting as an insoluble complex

17
Q

Describe the mechanism of ursodeoxycholic acid

A

Inhibits an enzyme involved in the formation of cholesterol, altering amount in bile and slowly dissolving non-calcified stones

18
Q

What are the common manifestations of GI upset in response to medication?

A 
Diarrhoea
Constipation
GI bleeding
Ulceration
Drug induced liver injury
19
Q

What are the risk factors for hepatotoxicity?

A 
Age
Sex (F>M)
Alcohol consumption
Genetic factors
Malnourishment
20
Q

What drugs should you be careful about prescribing in liver disease?

A

Drugs that are hepatotoxic
Warfarin/anti-coags
Aspirin/NSAIDS
Opiates/benzodiazapines

GI Pathology (21 decks)

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