Alimentary System: Slide Notes Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

Event though it’s usually a genetic condition,

Cleft Palate (Palatoschisis) occurrence in cows

can be increased by what?

Teratogenic plants:

Lupines

Poison hemlock

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Most animals with palatoschisis die from

Aspiration pneumonia

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“Harelip” commonly found in calves is also known as

Cheiloschisis

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A protruding tongue is a sign of this abnormality

in calves

Cheiloschisis

“Cleft lip/ Harelip”

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Prognathia and bradygnathia lead to

________, the failure of the upper and lower incisors

to interdigitate

malocclusions

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The loss of tooth structure caused by mastication

is called ________

Dental attrition

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Abnormal wearing of teeth is common in

herbivores and can lead to this condition

Step mouth

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Reduced bone level, exposure of the tooth root,

plaque, and tarter are all characteristic of

______ disease

periodontal

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In small animals, lingual lesions are often a

manifestation of a systemic disease,

like ______ disease, which causes Uremic Glossitis

Renal disease

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Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis and stomatitis in a cat

is associated with these 3 diseases

Feline panleukopenia

FIV

Calicivirus

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Exposure of the lamina propria in this

erosive-ulcerative stomatitides disease

is an important feature in cows

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

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In Bovine Papular Stomatitis

caused by Parapoxvirus,

the raised lesions on the nares, muzzle, and oral cavity

are due to this epithelial cell response to insult

Hyperplasia

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Contagious Ecthyma, common in young

lambs and goats ages 3 - 6 months old,

is also known and Orf, and _______,

and is caused by a Parapoxvirus

which can also affect the coronary bands

sore mouth

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T/F:

Contagious Ecthyma is a zoonotic disease

TRUE!!!

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PAS stain is used to stain _______ bacteria

filamentous bacteria

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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Eosinophilic Cheilitis or “Rodent Ulcer” in cats

is a common condition caused by an

immune mediated response to

_______ therapy

corticosteroid

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Gingival hyperplasia is relatively common in this breed of dog, and it is NOT a tumor, it is NON-neoplastic

Boxers

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Tumors of the periodontal ligament type stroma

Epulis

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This oral neoplasia behaves like Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and are locally aggressive and

recur after excision

Acanthomatous ameloblastoma

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Oral melanomas have a ______ prognosis.

Melanomas of the nail beds have the same prognosis

POOR

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Megaesophagus, the dilation of the esophagus,

is common in dogs, and especially in this breed

German shepherd

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The ligamentum arteriosum connects the

________ to the aorta

and is implicated in constricting the esophagus

in PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch)

Pulmonary trunk

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In large animals experiencing Choke,

where is the food most likely getting stuck?

Thoracic inlet

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What are 2 common complications associated with

traumatic reticuloperitonitis (Hardware Disease) ?

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Chronic pericarditis

Epicarditis

Obstruction of ______ flow is what causes the intraluminal hemorrhage in GDV (Gastric Dilation Volvulus)

_venous_

Describe the pathogenesis of cutaneous mast cell tumors leading to gastric ulcers in dogs

Tumor causes release of **histamine** into the blood Which binds to receptors on **parietal cells** in the stomach Which increases **HCl secretion** Which causes ulcers to develop

Bacterial gastritis/abomasitis is seen in lambs infected with *Clostridium septicum* and in dogs and cats with \_\_\_\_\_\_ disease

_renal_

Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in horses arise from surface epithelium in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ portion of the stomach

_esophageal_

Lymphosarcomas are commonly found in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, making melena a common clinical sign due to ulceration

_abomasum_

In atresia coli, an animal cannot defecate. In atresia ani, the animal can defecate through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

_vulva_

Intestinal stragulation in horses is not uncommon and is usually caused by these benign tumors

pedunculated lipomas

Peyer's patch necrosis in cattle has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ morbidity and _______ mortality

_Low_ morbidity _HIGH_ mortality

In North America, there is a "Sheep-Associated" form of this disease, caused by *bovine herpesvirus 2* in North American Cattle.

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Histologically, what do you expect to see in a Malignant Catarrhal Fever infection in several organs?

Prominent lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates

Enteric *coronaviral* infections are a common cause of diarrhea in **neonatal calves** and can act alone or in combination with these two other agents

* Rotavirus* * Cryptosporidium*

TGE causes severe intestinal villus blunting and \_\_\_\_ mortality in young piglets

_HIGH_ mortality

*Rotavirus* causes diarrhea in all species of young animals, and causes damage to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ resulting in variable degrees of villous atrophy

_surface enterocytes_

Parvovirus enteritis causes destruction of the cells of the intestinal \_\_\_\_\_, and is hemorrhagic because of the loss of enterocytes

_crypts_

Parvovirus enteritis in cats causes primary lesions of the bone marrow and targets the cells of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

_intestinal lining_

Parvovirus can cause _____ inclusions

_intranuclear_ inclusions in *Parvovirus*

Feline infectious peritonitis is a very important disease in cats. What are the two forms?

Wet Form (Effusive) Dry Form (Non-effusive)

Which form of FIP causes pyogranulomatous lesions?

The DRY, NON-EFFUSIVE form of FIP causes pyogranulomatous lesions

*E.coli* is an important cause of enteritis in neonatal animals. The virulence factors affect the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ surface of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

*E. coli* _APICAL_ surface of _ENTEROCYTES_

Which form of colibacillosis causes *loss of electrolytes* and leads to secretory diarrhea due to the increased enterocyte secretion?

Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis

Edema disease in Swine, an enterotoxemic colibacillosis, is characterized by **verotoxin** which causes ______ cell injury in arterioles resulting in fluid loss and edema

_ENDOTHELIAL_ cell injury

Edema Disease of Swine (*E. coli*) causes _________ edema and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ edema in brain cells

_Periocular_ edema _Perivascular_ edema in brain cells

*Clostridial enteritis* in a chicken causes **widespread necrosis** of the _____ layer of intestines and is caused by *Clostridium perfringens Type \_\_\_*

_superficial_ layer Type _A_

T/F: All *Salmonella* species are pathogenic, zoonotic, and cause nosocomial infections. Feces have a "septic tank" odor and contain *mucous, fibrin, and blood*

TRUE!

A common sequela of *Salmonellosis* in a horse is Embolic Mycotic Pneumonia. The fungi that causes this are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, meaning have an affinity for blood vessels

_angioinvasive_

A common sequela of *Salmonellosis* in pigs is **button ulcers** which are found in both the small and large intestine. Rectal strictures lead to these three important signs

Fecal Retention Megacolon Abdominal Distension

Proliferative **ileitis** in a pig is caused by *Lawsonia intracellularis* which affects the surface of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causing a **cerebriform** appearance. If seen in a cow, your number one differential should be Johne's Disease

_enterocytes_

Proliferative Porcine Enteritis caused by *Lawsonia intracellularis* microscopically causes thickening of the mucosa due to ________ of the enterocytes that line the intestinal glands

_hyperplasia_

Lesions caused by *Brachyspira hyodysenteriae* (Swine Dysentery) are seen mainly in the \_\_\_\_\_\_ intestine

_large_

*Rhodococcus equi* which causes enterocolitis in foals is associated with **pyogranulomatous pneumonia** in foals, and ______ in horses

_OSTEOMYELITIS_

In addition to ulcerative pyogranulomatous lesions in the small intestine and colon, *Rhodococcus equi* causes an enlargement of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and the bacteria can be seen within the cytoplasm

_lymph nodes_

*Rhodococcus equi* infection is more likely to cause \_\_\_\_\_ syndrome than _____ syndrome

More likely to cause _respiratory_ syndrome than _intestinal_ syndrome

What is seen histologically in a goat with Johne's Disease?

Acid fast positive organisms within macrophages because this is the main inflammatory response. The bacteria are seen around the **lymph vessels**

What type of diarrheal mechanism is seen in calves with Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoal infection of the **apical surface of enterocytes**?

MALABSORPTIVE diarrhea

*Anoplocephala perfoliata* an occasional cause of colic in horses, can cause \_\_\_\_\_\_ of the ileum and \_\_\_\_\_ intussusception

_hypertrophy_ of the ileum and _cecocolic_ intussusception

Alimentary System: Slide Notes Flashcards

(59 cards)