Aliphatic Compounds Flashcards by Thomas Foley

Q

Alkane —> Haloalkane

A

X2, UV Light

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Q

Haloalkane —> Nitrile

A

NaCN or KCN, ethanol, reflux

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Q

Haloalkane —> Amine

A

Excess Ethanolic Ammonia (or amines), heat

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Q

Haloalkane —> Alcohol

A

Warm NaOH or KOH, H2O, Reflux

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Q

Alcohol —> Haloalkane

A

NaX, H2SO4

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Q

Alcohol —> Ester

A

Carboxylic Acid, Conc. Acid Catalyst, Heat

Or Acyl Choride or Acid Anhydride

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Q

Primary Alcohol —> Aldehyde

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Distillation

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Q

Primary Alcohol —> Carboxylic Acid

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux

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Q

Secondary Alcohol —> Ketone

A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux

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Q

Alcohol —> Alkene

A

Conc. H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst, 170 Degrees

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Q

Alkene –> Alcohol

A

Steam, H3PO4(s) catalyst, 300 Degrees, 60-70atm

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Q

Alkene –> Haloalkane

A

HX

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Q

Alkene –> Alkane

A

H2, Ni Catalyst, 150 Degrees

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Q

Alkene –> Dihaloalkane

A

X2

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Q

Nitrile –> Amine

A

LiAlH4 then Dilute acid

Or H2, Ni Catalyst, High Temp and Pressure

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Q

Nitrile –> Carboxylic Acid

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A

Dilute HCl, Reflux

Q

Aldehyde –> Carboxylic Acid

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A

Acidified Potassium Dichromate, Reflux

Q

Aldehyde –> Hydroxynitrile

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A

HCN

Q

Aldehyde –> Primary Alcohol

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A

NaBH4 then H2O

Q

Ketone –> Hydroxynitrile

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A

HCN

Q

Ketone –> Secondary Alcohol

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A

NaBH4 then H2O

Q

Hydroxynitrile –> Carboxylic Acid

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A

Dilute HCL, Reflux

Q

Hydroxynitrile –> Amine

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A

LiAlH4 then Dilute acid

Or H2, Ni Catalyst, High Temp and Pressure

Q

Carboxylic Acid –> Ester

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A

Alcohol, Conc. Acid Catalyst, Heat

Carboxylic Acid --> Acyl Chloride

SOCl2

Acyl Chloride --> Carboxylic Acid

Cold H2O

Acyl Chloride --> Primary Amide

NH3

Acyl Chloride --> Secondary Amide

Primary Amine

Acyl Chloride --> Ester

Alcohol

Ester --> Carboxylic Acid

Dilute Acid, Reflux

Ester --> Carboxylate Salt

Dilute Alkali, Reflux

Ester --> Alcohol

Dilute Acid or Alkali, Reflux