Aliphatic Reaction Pathways

Question 1

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkane to Haloalkane

Answer 1

Reactants: Halogen (e.g. Cl, Br, or I)
Conditions: UV radiation (to break the C - X bond via heterolytic fission)
Other Products: Halide ion
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

Question 2

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Nitrile

Answer 2

Reactants: CN-/KCN
Conditions: Ethanol Solvent
Other Products: KX
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic substitution

Question 3

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Amine

Answer 3

Reactants: Excess NH3
Conditions: Ethanol solvent
Other Products: Halide ion/Sodium halide + H2O
Type of reaction: ?

Question 4

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Haloalkane to Alcohol

Answer 4

Reactants: NaOH(aq)/NaBH4(aq)
Conditions: Reflux for good yield
Other Products: Sodium halide
Type of reaction: Nucleophilic Substitution

Question 5

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Haloalkane

Answer 5

Reactants: Hydrogen halide/Halogen (X2)
Conditions: RTP
Other Products: (creates two haloalkane isomers if HX)
Type of reaction: Electrophilic Addition

Question 6

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Alkane

Answer 6

Reactants: H2
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other products: none
Type of reaction: Electrophilic Addition

Question 7

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alkene to Alcohol

Answer 7

Reactants: H20 (steam)
Conditions: H3PO4 catalyst
Other Products: None
Type of Reaction: Electrophilic Addition

Question 8

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Alkene

Answer 8

Reactants: none
Conditions: H3PO4/H2SO4 (conc) catalyst and heat/reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Elimination

Question 9

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Haloalkane

Answer 9

Reactants: NaX/HX
Conditions: H2SO4 catalyst + reflux?
Other Products: NaOH/H2O
Type of Reaction: Substitution

Question 10

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 2ndary Alcohol to Ketone

Answer 10

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

Question 11

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 1 Alcohol to Aldehyde

Answer 11

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Distillation
Other Products: Water
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

Question 12

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for 1 Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 12

Reactants: K2Cr2O7 (acidified with H2SO4)
Conditions: Reflux
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

Question 13

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Alcohol to Ester (Esterification)

Answer 13

Reactants: Carboxylic Acid (or acid anhydride with no acid)
Conditions: Conc. H2SO4 + warm?
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction: ?

Question 14

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to a 1 Alcohol

Answer 14

Reactants: NaBH4
Conditions: ?
Other Products: ?
Type of Reaction: Reduction

Question 15

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ketone to 2ndary Alcohol

Answer 15

Reactants: NaBH4
Conditions: ?
Other Products: ?
Type of Reaction: Reduction

Question 16

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ketone to Hydroxynitrile

Answer 16

Reactants: NaCN(aq)
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4)
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Nucleophilic Addition

Question 17

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to Hydroxynitrile

Answer 17

Reactants: NaCN(aq)
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4)
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Nucleophilic Addition

Question 18

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Aldehyde to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 18

Reactants: K2Cr2O7
Conditions: Acidified (H2SO4) + reflux
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Oxidation

Question 19

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Ester (Esterification)

Answer 19

Reactants: Alcohol
Conditions: Conc. H2SO4 + warm
Other Products: H2O
Type of Reaction:

Question 20

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride

Answer 20

Reactants: SOCl2
Conditions: (preform in fume cupboard, as released gases are toxic)
Other Products: SO2(g) + HCl(g)
Type of Reaction:

Question 21

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Nitrile to Amine

Answer 21

Reactants: H2(g)
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other Products:
Type of Reaction: Reduction

Question 22

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Hydroxynitrile to Amine

Answer 22

Reactants: H2(g)
Conditions: Ni catalyst
Other Products:
Type of Reaction:

Question 23

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 23

Reactants: H2O/HCl
Conditions: Heat
Other Products: NH4+Cl-
Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis

Question 24

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ester to Carboxylic Acid/Alcohol

Answer 24

Reactants:
Conditions: Dilute acid, heat
Other Products: Alcohol/Carboxylic Acid
Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis

Question 25

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Ester to Carboxylate

Answer 25

Reactants: OH- Conditions: (basic) + heat Other Products: Alcohol? Type of Reaction: Saponification

Question 26

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Ester

Answer 26

Reactants: Alcohol Conditions: Other Products: HCl Type of Reaction:

Question 27

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 27

Reactants: H2O Conditions: (violent reaction) Other Products: HCl Type of Reaction:

Question 28

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide

Answer 28

Reactants: 2NH3 Conditions: Other Products: NH4+Cl- Type of Reaction:

Question 29

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Secondary Amide

Answer 29

Reactants: Primary Amide Conditions: Other Products: Type of Reaction:

Question 30

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Hydroxynitrile to Carboxylic Acid

Answer 30

Reactants: H2O/HCl Conditions: Heat Other Products: NH4+Cl- Type of Reaction:

Question 31

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of an addition polymer

Answer 31

Reactants: nAlkenes Conditions: Other Products: Type of Reaction: Addition Polymeristion

Question 32

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Phenyl Ester

Answer 32

Reactants: Phenol Conditions: Other Products: HCl Type of Reaction:

Question 33

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Carboxylic Acid to Acid Anhydride

Answer 33

Reactants: 2 Carboxylic Acids Conditions: Other Products: H2O Type of Reaction:

Question 34

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for Acyl Chloride to Acid Anhydride

Answer 34

Reactants: 2 Acyl Chlorides Conditions: Other Products: Cl2 Type of Reaction:

Question 35

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of a polyester

Answer 35

Reactants: DiCOOH + DiAlcohol !OR! 2 of a COOH+OH on same molecule Conditions: Other Products: H2O Type of reaction: Condensation Polymerisation

Question 36

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for formation of a polyamide

Answer 36

Reactants: DiCOOH + DiAmide !OR! 2 of a COOH+NH2 on same molecule Conditions: Other Products: H2O Type of reaction: Condensation Polymerisation

Question 37

State conditions, reactants, other products, and type of reaction for hydrolysis of a polyester or polyamide

Answer 37

Reactants: Polyester/Polyamide + hot aq acid/alkali Conditions: Other products: Monomers!! Type of Reaction: Hydrolysis