Aliphatic Reagents! Flashcards
(27 cards)
Alkane -> Halogenoalkane
X₂ + UV light
Halogenoalkane -> Alcohol
Warm KOH (aq) + Reflux
Halogenoalkane -> Nitrile
KCN + ethanol + reflux
Alcohol -> Alkene
Al₂O₃ + 300C
Or
Concentrated Phosphoric Acid + 180C
Alkene -> Alcohol
Steam + Phosphoric Acid Cat + 300C + 70ATM
Alkene -> Alkane
H₂ + Nickel Cat + 150C
Alkene -> Haloalkane or Dihaloalkane
HX or X₂
Haloalkane -> Alkene
KOH + ethanol + reflux
Alkene -> Diol
Acidified Potassium Manganate (KMnO₄)
Alcohol -> Haloalkane
PCl5 or HCl
KBr + H₂SO₄
Red Phosphorus + I₂ + Reflux
Haloalkane -> Primary amine
Excess ethanolic ammonia + heat
Nitrile -> Primary amine
LiAlH₄ then dilute acid
or
Ni/Pt cat + High temp and pressure
Nitrile -> Carboxylic acid
Dilute HCl + Reflux
Halogenoalkane -> Carboxylic Acid
GRIGNARD
Mg in dry ether
Dry CO₂
Then dilute acid (to remove Mg+Br)
Primary Alcohol -> Aldehyde
Acidified Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)
Distillation
Secondary Alcohol -> Ketone
Acidified Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)
Reflux
Primary Alcohol -> Carboxylic acid
Acidified Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇)
Reflux
Ketone -> Secondary Alcohol
LiAlH₄
Aldehyde -> Primary Alcohol
LiAlH₄
Aldehyde or Ketone -> Hydroxynitrile
KCN and H+
Formation of ester
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid + Acid Cat
or
Alcohol + Acyl Chloride
De-esterification
Dilute acid or alkali
Reflux
Carboxylic Acid -> Primary Alcohol
LiAlH₄
Carboxylic Acid -> Acyl Chloride
PCl5
