Alkaloid Plants Bitch

Question 1

What are the two colchicine plants?

Answer 1

Meadow saffron and glory lily

Question 2

What is the mechanism of colchicines (meadow/glory)?

Answer 2

Antimitotic.

Inhibits cell division damaging all body systems.

Question 3

What are the diterpene plants?

Answer 3

Buttercup family
Larkspur
Monkshood

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action for diterpene (monkshood)?

What does monkshood specifically cause?

Answer 4

Competitive blockade of the nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate similar to curare. Muscle paralysis/resp failure.

Monkshood can cause sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias

Question 5

What is the antidote for diterpene (monkshood)?

Answer 5

Physostigmine - crosses BBB
Or
Neostigmine

Question 6

What are the signs in acute ergot poisoning?

Answer 6

Very minimal signs, usually recover

Question 7

What is the mechanism of action in chronic ergot poisoning?

Answer 7

Vasoconstriction and gangrene.

Also, uterine contractions (abortions)

Question 8

What two plants are indolizidines (swainsonine)?

Answer 8

Locoweeds and milkvetches

Many species can lead to brain damage

Question 9

What part of indolizidines (loco/milk) is toxic?

Answer 9

The whole plant

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action for indolizidines (loco/milk)?

Answer 10

Contains nitropropanolol glycoside and selenium.

NG - peripheral neuronal degeneration and respiratory signs
Selenium - abnormal hoof and hair

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of indolizine (loco/milk) poisoning?

Answer 11

Depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, and abnormal behavior

Question 12

What plants fall under the lycorine category?

Answer 12

Amaryllis family!

Narcissus and Barbados/fire lily

Question 13

What is the most toxic part of narcissus (lycorine)?

Answer 13

Bulb in the ground !

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of lycorine (narcissus) poisoning?

Answer 14

Emetic effects and GI signs

Question 15

Where does muscarine come from?

Answer 15

Poisonous mushroom

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of muscarine ?

Answer 16

Stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of muscarine poisoning?

Answer 17

CNS stimulation and DUMBELS (diarrhea, urination, muscle weakness, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, salivation/sweating)

Question 18

What is the antidote for muscarine?

Answer 18

Atropine

Question 19

What are your piperidine plants?

Answer 19

Tobacco and hemlock

Question 20

What is the mechanism of action for piperidines (tobacco/hem)?

Answer 20

Depolarizing NMB and act on autonomic ganglia

Question 21

What are the clinical signs of piperidine (tobacco/hem) toxicity?

Answer 21

CNS depression, peripheral NM effects, and birth defects

Question 22

What are your pyridines?

Answer 22

Night shade family.

Tobacco and Lobelia

Question 23

What do pyridines cause at a low dose? High dose?

Answer 23

Low - depolarization

High - blockade

Question 24

What are your pyrrolizidine plants?

Answer 24

Rattlebox and ragwort

Question 25

What is the mechanism of action for pyrrolizidine (rattle/rag) toxicity?

Answer 25

Hepatotoxic and hepatic encephalopathy *most toxic part is the seed*

Question 26

What are your solanine/solanidine plants?

Answer 26

Nightshade family. Ones that have the name nightshade Eggplant, tomato, and Chinese lantern

Question 27

What is the mechanism of action for solanine (night/egg/tomato) ?

Answer 27

GI, CNS, resp, cardiac

Question 28

What is a taxine plant?

Answer 28

Yew.

Question 29

What is the mechanism of action of yew?

Answer 29

CARDIOTOXIC and GI like digitalis

Question 30

What are your tropane plants?

Answer 30

Trumpets and henbane

Question 31

What is the mechanism of action of your tropanes (trumpet/hen)?

Answer 31

Antimuscarinic effects (opposite of DUMBELS) Antiemetic and CNS stimulation

Question 32

What is the antidote for tropanes (trumpet/hen)?

Answer 32

Anticholinesterase inhibitor like physostigmine

Question 33

What are your xanthine alkaloids?

Answer 33

Cocoa, coffee, and theophylline/bromine

Question 34

What is the mechanism of action of xanthines (cocoa)?

Answer 34

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase and releasing catecholamines/calcium

Question 35

What are the clinical signs of xanthines toxicosis?

Answer 35

CNS stimulation, seizures, tachycardia, hypotension

Question 36

Name all the alkaloid plant families.....

Answer 36

``` Colchicine Diterpene Ergot Indolizidine (swainsonine) Lycorine Muscarine Piperidine Pyridine Pyrrolizidine Solanine Taxine Tropane Xanthine ```