Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

homologous series def

A

a group of compounds with the same general formula and same functional group, so they have similar chemical reactions. each successive member differs by a CH2 group, so there is gradual change in physical properties

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2
Q

hydrocarbon def

A

a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

saturated (in organic chemistry) def.

A

contains all single bonds, so has maximum number of hydrogen atoms

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4
Q

unsaturated (in organic chemistry) def

A

does not contain all single bond e.g contains a double carbon-carbon bond

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5
Q

isomers def

A

molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formulae

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6
Q

functional group def

A

A group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series

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7
Q

substitution reaction

A
  • occurs in alkanes (e.g when reacting with halogens)
  • is when two functional groups replace one another
  • e.g bromine and an alkane substitute one another when left to react under UV light (bromine goes colourless)
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8
Q

addition reaction

A
  • occurs in alkenes (e.g when they react with halogens)
  • is when two functional groups add together to form 1 product
  • e.g bromine and alkene react together (UV light not needed) and bromine is decolourised
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9
Q

combustion in organic chemistry

A
  • occurs in alcohols, alkanes and alkenes, in the same way:
  • forms carbon dioxide and water (when there is an unlimited supply of air/oxygen (compete combustion)- if not, then carbon monoxide is formed instead of CO2 (incomplete combustion))
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10
Q

physical properties of alkanes

A
  • colourless

- gradual change in properties as number of carbon atoms increase

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11
Q

oxidising ethanol through combustion

A
  • forms carbon dioxide and water

- ethanol is burnt in presence of air

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12
Q

oxidising ethanol through microbial oxidation

A
  • alcohol reacts with air and bacteria in the air to form a carboxylic acid
  • ethanol + oxygen → ethanoic acid + water
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13
Q

oxidising ethanol through heating with an oxidising agent

A
  • oxidising agent is potassium dichromate (VI), and is heated with dilute sulphuric acid
  • ethanol oxidises to ethanoic acid
  • potassium dichromate turns from orange to green
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14
Q

ways of manufacturing on ethanol

A
  1. By hydration of ethene

2. by fermentation of glucose

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15
Q

advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing of ethanol through fermentation

A
ADVANTAGES
- sugar can be grown so is renewable
- uses less energy
DISADVANTAGES
- slow, batch process
- only 15% ethanol produced (this is the concentration at which the yeast is killed off)
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16
Q

advantages and disadvantages of producing ethanol through hydration

A
ADVANTAGES
- fast process
- continuous process
- 100% ethanol produced
DISADVANTAGES
- ethene comes from crude oil and so isn't renewable
- high energy needed