Alkanes Flashcards

1
Q

structural formula

A

representation of molecule showing how many atoms are bonded to each other

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2
Q

full structural formula

A

shows every bond and atom

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3
Q

condensed structural formula

A

often omits bonds where they are assumed and groups atoms together
minimum information required to describe molecule non-ambiguously

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4
Q

stereochemical formula

A

show relative positions of atoms and groups around carbon in 3D

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5
Q

How do you show bonds sticking forwards?

A

solid, enlarging wedge

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6
Q

How do you show bonds sticking behind?

A

hashed line

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7
Q

How do you show bonds in plane of paper?

A

solid lines

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8
Q

1 carbon

A

meth

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9
Q

2 carbons

A

eth

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10
Q

3 carbons

A

prop

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11
Q

4 carbons

A

but

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12
Q

5 carbons

A

pent

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13
Q

6 carbons

A

hex

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14
Q

1 carbon in chain

A

methyl

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15
Q

2 carbons in chain

A

ethyl

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16
Q

3 carbons in chain

A

propyl

17
Q

4 carbons in chain

A

butyl

18
Q

5 carbons in chain

A

pentyl

19
Q

6 carbons in chain

A

hexyl

20
Q

what do you add to chain suffix?

A

prefix that shows how many chains there are in the molecule - di, tri, tetra

21
Q

How do you show where the carbon chains are attached?

A

number of carbon atom next to it so that numbers add up to smallest of all possibilities

22
Q

structural isomer

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms

23
Q

As the size of the molecule increases, the number of isomers —

A

increases

24
Q

trend in melting and boiling points for group 17 and 18

A

melting/boiling points increase down group because as size of molecules increases so does van der Waals forces

25
Q

what is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?

A

CnH2n+1X (where X is halogen)

26
Q

What do halogenoalkanes contain?

A

atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine bonded to carbon skeleton of molecule

27
Q

Do halogenoalkanes have a polar bond?

A

yes so more reactive

28
Q

How do you write halogenoalkanes?

A

but chloro, bromo, etc. before methane, etc. if no branches with carbon atom number
put e.g. 2-chloropropane or 1-bromo-2-methylpropane