Alkanes

Question 1

Define:

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

contains the maximum possible number of H per C

Question 2

Isomers

Answer 2

Same molecular formula but different structure

Question 3

2 Types of Isomers

Answer 3

1. Structural/Constitutional

2. Stereoisomers

Question 4

Structural Isomers differ in?

Answer 4

order of attachment of atoms

• chain isomers
• position isomers
• functional isomers

Question 5

Stereoisomers are?

Answer 5

same bonding attachment but different in spatial orientations:

• Geometric isomers
• Optical isomers
• Conformational Stereoisomers

Question 6

Types of geometric isomers

Answer 6

cis and trans

• cis: same side
• trans: opposite side

Question 7

Optical isomers

Answer 7

a chiral object cannot be superimposable on its mirror image

Question 8

Enantiomers

Answer 8

• molecules are NONSUPERIMPOSABLE MIRROR IMAGES of each other. All other stereoisomers are diastereomers
• identical physical properties but differ in the direction at which their solutions rotate

Question 9

Levoratory

Answer 9

counterclockwise

Question 10

Dextroratory

Answer 10

clockwise

Question 11

Conformational Stereoisomers

Answer 11

Different arrangement resulting from different bond rotation

Question 12

Newman projection

Answer 12

1. Eclipsed: least stable
2. Staggered gauche
3. Staggered anti: MOST stable

Question 13

Reaction of Alkanes: Combustion

Answer 13

+O2 and heat –> CO2 + H2O

Question 14

Reaction of Alkanes: Halogenation

Answer 14

+X2 –> Alkyl Halide + HX

note: involves formation of free radical intermediate

Question 15

Reaction of Cycloalkanes: Ring opening

Answer 15

+H2

Question 16

Reaction of Cycloalkanes: Free-Radical Substitution

Answer 16

+X2