alkenes

Question 1

formation of a π bond

Answer 1

double, sideways overlap of p-orbitals above and below the bonding atoms
occurs in C=C
restricts rotation about the C=C

Question 2

stereoisomers

Answer 2

compounds with the same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 3

criteria for E/Z isomerism

Answer 3

must have a C=C bond that does not rotate
each carbon of the C=C must have two different groups attached

Question 4

cahn-ingold-prelog priority rules

Answer 4

atoms attached to each carbon atom are given a priority based on atomic number
if the groups of higher priority are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z isomer
if the groups of higher priority are on opposite sides of the double bond, it is the E isomer

Question 5

cis-trans isomers

Answer 5

E/Z isomers that have two identical groups

Question 6

reaction of an alkene with hydrogen

Answer 6

reagents = H2 and alkene
conditions = Ni catalyst and 150oC
forms an alkane

Question 7

reaction of an alkene with steam

Answer 7

reagents = H2O (g)
conditions = H3PO4 catalyst, high temperature and pressure
forms an alcohol

Question 8

electrophile

Answer 8

an electron pair acceptor

Question 9

curly arrows

Answer 9

show the movement of an electron pair

Question 10

markownikoff’s rule

Answer 10

tertiary carbocation intermediate is the most stable and the primary carbocation intermediate is the least stable
more stable intermediate forms the major product

Question 11

problems with disposing of waste addition polymers

Answer 11

burning produces toxic gases
non-biodegradable

Question 12

processing waste addition polymers

Answer 12

combustion for energy production
removal of toxic waste products
use as organic feedstock
sorted and recycled