Alkenes Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is an electrophile?
Electron Pair Acceptor
What is an E-Isomer?
An alkene where the priority functional groups are NOT on the same side.
What is a Z isomer?
An alkene where the priority functional groups are on the Zame Zide.
What is hydrogenation?
Addition of Hydrogen (H2)
What is the mechanism for Halogenation and Addition of an acid?
Electrophilic addition
What is halogenation?
Addition of Halogen (X2)
What is the process of Hydration?.
Adding water to make a alcohol
What are the conditions required for Hydration?
Sulfuric acid as a catalyst and Heat above 100 degrees Celsius.
Why do alkenes attract electrophiles?
The C=C double bond is a region of high electron density.
Outline the halogenation of ethene by bromine water (Br2).
The major products from addition are…
The more stable of possible product. This happens in assymmetrical alkenes.
How is a major product determined?
The Hydrogen would be bonded to the carbon with most hydrogens bonded to it before hand.
The other atom would be bonded to the Carbon with most CARBONS bonded to it.
This only applies to the two carbons that were part of the double bond
What’s a p bond ?
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding c atoms
What’s a sigma bond?
Overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms
What is a use of polymers?
COMBUSTION -
Polymers can be Burned to release heat energy for generating electricity so no need for combustion of fossil fuels
Organic feedstock -
Waste polymers converted into chemicals which can be used in chemical manufacturing processes
What is addition polymerisation ?
Many small monomers (alkenes ) joined up to to form a large molecule called polymer (unreactive)
Give an example of repeating unit for ethene
What would be formed major or minor and why ?
Major product formed from the most stable carbocation ( tertiary most stable primary least stable)
Which atom takes priority in deciding what the functional group ( CIP priority rules)
The atom w higher atomic number
Br2 doesn’t have a polar bond so how does it have partial charges (how it has a dipole)
Electron rich area of double bond in alkene induced a dipole on bromine molecule
What does cis mean
SAME groups are on same side
What does trans mean
SAME groups on different sides
