Alkenes

Question 1

How are pi and sigma bonds formed

Answer 1

Atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals

Question 2

What is geometric isomerism due to

Answer 2

No free rotation about a >C=C< double bond

Question 3

Trans

Answer 3

Opposite side

Question 4

Cis

Answer 4

Opposite side

Question 5

Why are pi bonds weaker than sigma bonds

Answer 5

Bonds don’t lie along the axis and have less overlap than sigma bonds

Question 6

Z

Answer 6

Zusammen meaning together - same side

Question 7

E

Answer 7

Entgegen meaning opposite- opposite sides

Question 8

Why is there a major and minor group with addition to alkenes

Answer 8

R groups can donate electron density to the carbocation, stabilising it by reducing the density of the +ve charge. Tertiary carbocations are the most stable and the reaction therefore happens faster

Question 9

Polymerisation of alkenes

Answer 9

Conditions: peroxide initiator which produces free radicals
Free radical causes the pi bond to break and attach causing a free radical, this happens thousands of times producing a polymer