Alkenes And Alkynes Flashcards
(21 cards)
Alkene
HBr
Hydrohalogenation
H and Br (or Cl) added
Markovnikov arrangement
Will rearrange to most stable carbocation
Alkene
HBr
ROOR
Hudrohalogenation
H and Br ( or Cl) added
Anti markovnikov arrangement.
Conducted through radical
Alkene
H2SO4 in H2O or
H3O+
Acid-catalyzed hydration
H and OH added in markovnikov
Arrangement
Can rearrange
Alkene
1. Hg(OAC)2 , H2O
2. NaBH4
Oxymercuration - demercuratuon
H OH added
Has three ring with Hg
Markovnikov arrangement but NO rearrangement
Anti addition
Alkene
1. BH3, THF
2. H2O2, NaOH
Hydroboration-oxidation
H and OH added in anti-markovnikov arrangement
Syn addition
Double bond attacks B and H at the same time
Alkene
H2
Pd (pt, ni)
Catalytic hydrogenation
H and H added in syn addition
No enantiomers with meso compounds!
Alkene
Br2 or
Br2
CCl4 or
Br2
CH2Cl2
Halogenation
Anti addition across double bond
Meso will not have enantiomer
Alkene
Cl2
h2O or ROH
Halohydrin formation
Cl (or Br) + OH added anti addition and OH will take more stable carbon
Alkene
RCO3H
Or
MCPBA
H3O
Epoxidation anti-dihydroxilation
RCO3 is syn addition across double
MCPBA is anti addition of 2OH
Alkene
1 OsO4 (or kmno4)
2 NaHS3 or Na2SO3 (or NaOH)
Syn addition of 2OH
Alkene
O3
DMS
Cleaves the double bond
At cleave double bonded O will replace.
Alkyne
NaNH2
(Can be any addition but we will use 1-chloro-propane)
Can also just be Xs NaNH2 with H2O
Adding to alkyne
Base takes H and leaves - charge carbon on end of triple bond and then group attaches. If no group, Xs NaNH2 will result in elimination reaction forming Alkyne and x will leave
Preparation of alkyne
Geminal dihalide
Base attacks H and the H bond makes double bond and Br leaves. Strong base needed like NHx
Alkyne
H2 (pt, Ni, or pd)
Hydrogeneration
Will not stop at Alkene
Will go all the way to alkane
Alkyne
H2
Linar’s catalyst
Syn addition of H2 and stops at Alkene
Na
NH3 (R)
Dissolving metal reduction
Anti addition resulting in E configuration Alkene
Alkyne
Hx
Markovnikov arrangement, will result in Alkene with x. If xs, x will bond to same carbon resulting in two halides bonded to carbon resulting in alkane.
Alkyne
H2SO4, HgSO4
H2O
Double bonded O to more substituted carbon
Hydration of Alkyne
Has Enol (OH single bonded to Alkene)
Alkyne
R2BH
H2O2, NaOH
Double bonded O in antimarkovnikov arrangemebt
Hydroboration/oxidation of Alkyne
Alyne
O3
H2O
Cleave carbon and attach double bond to O and single to OH (carboxylic acid). Of terminal Alkyne CO2 will be a byproduct.
Alkyne
Cl2 or Br2 in CCl4
Will anti addition across double bond in 1 eq. In xs will progress all the way to tetrahalide or until triple bond gone.
