Alkyl Halides Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is an alkyl halide?
An alkyl halide is an organic compound derived from an alkane by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.
True or False: Alkyl halides are generally polar compounds.
True
Which halogens can be found in alkyl halides?
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
What is the general formula for alkyl halides?
C_nH_(2n+1)X, where X is a halogen.
Fill in the blank: Alkyl halides can be prepared by the __________ of alkanes.
halogenation
What is the primary method for preparing alkyl halides from alkenes?
Electrophilic addition of halogens.
Which reaction involves the substitution of a halogen atom for a hydroxyl group in alcohols?
The conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides using thionyl chloride or phosphorus tribromide.
True or False: Alkyl halides can be synthesized by reacting alcohols with hydrogen halides.
True
What is a common reagent used in the halogenation of alkanes?
Bromine (Br2) or chlorine (Cl2) in the presence of ultraviolet light.
Name one method for preparing alkyl halides from alkynes.
Hydrohalogenation of alkynes.
What is the role of zinc chloride in the preparation of alkyl halides?
It acts as a catalyst in the reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides.
Fill in the blank: Alkyl halides can be prepared from carboxylic acids by __________ reactions.
reduction
What is the significance of using PCl5 in the preparation of alkyl halides?
PCl5 can convert alcohols into alkyl chlorides efficiently.
Which reaction mechanism is primarily involved in the formation of alkyl halides from alcohols?
Nucleophilic substitution.
True or False: Alkyl halides are more reactive than their parent alkanes.
True
What is the product of the reaction between an alcohol and thionyl chloride?
An alkyl chloride.
What type of reaction is the conversion of alkenes to alkyl halides?
Electrophilic addition reaction.
Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alkene with HBr forms a __________.
bromoalkane
What is the primary advantage of using phosphorus tribromide over hydrogen bromide for alcohol conversion?
It provides higher yields and avoids side reactions.
What is the main characteristic of alkyl halides that makes them useful in organic synthesis?
Their ability to undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.
True or False: Alkyl halides can also be formed by the reaction of metals with halogens.
True
What is the effect of branching in alkyl halides on their reactivity?
Branching generally decreases reactivity in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
What is the preferred method for synthesizing primary alkyl halides?
Direct halogenation of alkanes or the reaction of alcohols with hydrogen halides.
Which alkyl halide is formed from the reaction of 1-butanol and HCl?
1-chlorobutane.
