S.cr >0.3mg/dl in 2 days S.cr > 50% of baseline in 7 days U/o 6 hours

All Flashcards by Hari Pataskar

Kidney develops from which embryological layer (process)

Intermediate mesoderm—Urogenital Ridge-Metanephric duct—-a)Blastema
b)Ureteric bud

Blastema= excretory s
Bud= collecting s

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Which cells produce erythropoetin

Interstitial fibroblasts

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Explain RAAS and TGF (Autoregulation)

Low gfr—JG apparatus—renin—Aldosterone and ACE

Aldosterone—increased na+—inc vol—inc gfr

ACE—AT1–AT2—-constrict eff arteriole—inc gfr

High GFR—high na+—macula densa (sensory)—adenosine—constriction of aff arteriole—low gfr

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JG apparatus

JG cells (renin)

Lacis cells (renin)

Macula Densa (TGF)

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Chyluria causes

Filaria
TB
Trauma
RCC

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Red diaper syndrome organism

Serotia mascarens

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Isosthenuria causes (density same as blood)

ATN

CKD

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Recurrent Gross Hematuria

Causes

Alport
IgA nephropathy
ADPKD
Anaplastic (RCC)
Analgesic Nephropathy (RPN+)

TBMD (familial hematuria)
Urolithiasis/hypercalciuria

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Triad of RPN (renal pap necrosis)

Colicky lower back pain
Hematuria
Renal dysfunction

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RPN causes

Pyelonephritis
Obstruction
Sickle cell anemia
TB
Chronic alcoholism
Analgesic nephropathy
Radiation
DM

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Ring sign/lobster claw sign of kidney seen in

REnal pap necrosis

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Significant proteinuria?

> 2g/d

But pathological proteinuria = >150mg

Mild = <1 
Mod = 1-3.5
Sev = > 3.5

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TABU proteins in urine

Tamm horsefall (uromodulin)
IgA precursor
BJp
Urokinase

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Main proteins in tubular proteinuria

B2M

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Albumin-b2m protein ratio in glomerular and tubular proteinuria

> 1000:1. <10:1

Normal = 50-200

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Causes of tubular proteinuria

Reduced resorption

Fanconi anemia
Wilsons disease
Lead poisoning
HTN

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Granular casts by ?

ATN

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WBc cast?

Pyelonephritis
Interstitial nephritis
Graft rejection

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Causes of sterile pyuria

Stone
TB
Graft Rejection
Partially treated UTI
Interstitial nephritis

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Decoy cell cast?

BK virus nephropathy

Post transplant

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Calcium phosphate 
Triple phosphate(staghorn)
Amoxicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Calcium oxalate
Uric acid

Star like bruschite
Coffin lid struvite
Broom
Firecracker (star shaped)
Envelope 
Rhomboid/Diamond

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KDIGO AKI

S.cr >0.3mg/dl in 2 days

S.cr > 50% of baseline in 7 days

U/o <0.5/mg/kg/hr for >6 hours

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ATN causes(IIT)

Ischemia (shocks)

Infection: pneumonia/lepto/mal/UTI

Toxins: tacro/cyclos/contrast/aminog/amB/snakebite

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AIN causes (DIA)

Drugs: Every Abx (EXC- amB/aminoglyco)

Infection : staph/strep/legionella

AID: Sjogren

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Novel biomarkers AKI

``` NGAL KIM 1 Cystatin C TIMP 2 IL-8 IGF BP7 ```

CKD with non shrunken kidney

DM ADPKD Amyloidosis HIV

Mcc CKD

MC Adult onset cause CKD

ADKPD

MC childhood onset cause CKD

Nephronopthises

Skin features CKD

Pruritus Urochrome pigmentation Lindsay nail (1/2-1/2)

Endocrine CKD

Dec testo/estro Inc prolactin Improving DM

Non endocrine causes of hyperprolactinemia

CLD CKD Drugs (Anti-dopaminergic——-antipsych) Epilepsy

EKBOMS’s disease causes what

Causes restless leg syndrome | (PLMB) periodic limb movement disorder

GBM microscopic contents(3)

A345 collagen 4 chains Laminin 11 Heparan sulphate

Podocytes allow how much dimension transport?

4nm only

Albumin re absorbed by which receptors in PCT

Megalin and cubulin

Drugs causing MCD | RIN

Rifampicin Interferon NSAIDS

Drugs causing FSGS | HAPE

Heroin Analgesics Pamiclonate Ecstacy

Drugs causing MN | GMC-PD

``` Gold Mercury Captopril Probenecid D-penicillamine ```

Common virus causing FSGS MCD

HIV | Parvo

Malignancies in MCD FSGS MGN

HL. NHL. Breast/Lung Col/Kidney

Reflux nephropathy causes which disease (among nephrotic syndrome)

FSGS

AID etiology in which Nephrotic syndrome disease

MGN

Thrombotic complication is the main complication of which nephrotic syndrome disease

MGN

Main complication of FSGS

CKD (50%)

MGN antibodies

Anti PLA2 Ab (mc) | Anti THSDA1 Ab

Which channel mutation in FSGS

TRPC6 cation

Lipoid nephrosis is a feature of?

MCD

IF of FSGS and MGN

IgM IgG

Depositis in MGN

Sub epithelial | Silver stain— spike and dome pattern

Lipid droplets in tubules found in which disease?

FSGS | MCD they are found in renal parenchyma

Aka collapsing GN?

FSGS

Synthetic ACTH is used in Rx of

MGN | Acts in melanocortin teceptor on podocytes

Steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome DOC

Cyclophosphamide

DOC SRNS

Cyclosporine | Steroid Resistant

Earliest detectable stage of DN

Microalbuminuria | Rx ACE

PSGN a/w which infection

Impetigo >>>> Pharyngitis | Delayed hematuria

Deposits in IgAN (where and what)

Mesangial ``` IgA C3 Properidin IgM IgG ```

Deposits in PSGN

Sub epithelial + sub endothelial | Lumpy bumpy -IgM+IgG

Defective galactosylysation takes place where IgA

Tonsils (Secretes NAG—Ag enzyme—attracts Ab—defective production) Rx IgAN- TONSILLECTOMY

Pulmonary Renal syndrome organisms

Legionella | Hanta

Drugs causing PRS

PTU | D-penicillamine

Goodpastures antigen

NC1 domain—a3 chain of COLLAGEN 4

MPGN other names | Membranoproliferative GN

Lobar GN MesangioCAPILLARY GN (NOT MESANGIOPROLIFERATIVE-IgAN)

2° causes of MPGN

``` Hep C*** Cryoglobinuria SLE Carcinomas*** Breast Ovary Lung SABE ```

Bx of MPGN

Sub Endothelial deposits | Separation of GBM from Endothelium by mesagium proliferation (TRAM TRACK/DOUBLE CONTOUR)

Ddx of MPGN | M>>F

``` Cryoglobulinemia (F>>M) Stress ulcers+ Raynauds+ Arthralgia, Fatigue+ ```

Inheritance of alport

XLR(Xq22-24) >> AR >> AD

Mutation in alport

a5 chain of COL4 > a3 > a4

Alport EM

Basket Weave appearance

LM of alport

FSGS

ADTKD (tubulointerstitial disease) other name

MCKD | Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease

Nephronopthisis EXTRA RENAL Symptoms

Cysts (renal) Senior Loken Syndrome (Ret pigmentosa) Skeletal dysplasiA Joubert Syndrome (cerebellar vermis hypoplasia)- MOLAR TOOTH Bart-Biedl syndrome

Mutations in MCKD

``` I = MUCI II = UMOD ```

Mutation in Nephronopthisis

NPHP1-NPHP20 | Mc NPHP2

Protein lost in NEPHRONOPTHISIS

Nephrocystin (CILIARY FN) Nephronopthisis is a CILIOPATHY

All Flashcards

(76 cards)