all-1716139341 Flashcards

Question

what did steve strand find

Answer 1

african caribean pupils did worse than white peers even when controlling for socio-economic disadvanteages and cultural factors

Answer 2

PARENTAL CONTROL AND EXPECTATION -Francis and Archer (2007) found that a high value is placed on education by Chinese parents, coupled with a strong cultural tradition of respect for one's elders. SINGLE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS -black ppl got lots and its not conducive to learning * EVAL- black african has more lone parent than black caribean yet do better at gcse CULTURE OF ANTI-SCHOOL BLACK MASCULINITY -toney sewell - black caribeasna have pressure to be street LANGUAGE BARRIERS -crozier 2004: pakistani and bengali language barriiers + their inate trust for school leave kids in their own hands

Answer 3

* Indian and White children have similar levels of wealth and income but Indian children beat White children at GCSE by 11% * Chinese children are poorer than both Indian and White children but Chinese kids get the best GCSE results of all.

Answer 4

net median household wealth 2016-2018: white and indian - 300k chinese - 70k black african - 40k

Answer 5

LITERACY parents spend less time reading w boys GLOBALISATION + DECLINE OF MENS JOBS Mitsos & Browne - decline in male employment opportunities = identity crisis for men. Boys believes that they have little prospect for getting proper job = undermines motivation & self esteem FEMINISATION OF EDUCATION Sewell - boys fall behind as education has become feminised. Schools don't nurture masculine traits = competitiveness & leadership rather they focus on courseowkr LACK OF ROLE MODELS only 14% of primary teachers are men Lack of male roles models at home & school = underachievement of boys. LADDISH SUBCULUTRE

Answer 6

Hyper heterosexual feminine identities this identity causes conflict w school as it focuses on constructing desirable & glamorous hyper heterosexual feminine identities.rather than work

Answer 7

Radical feminists - emphasise system remains patriarchal & convey message it's still a mans world: sexual harassment of girls continues in schools & education still limits girls subjects choices & career options.

Answer 8

internal: EQUAL OPPOURTUNITIES GIST - girls into science & technology. WISE - women into science & engineering = encourage girls to pursue careers in non traditional areas. Female scientists visit schools acting as role models POSITIVE ROLE MODELS Increase in female teachers & heads = positive role models for girls = show them women can achieve GCSE AND COURSEWORK Way pupils are assessed favoured girls & disadvantaged boys. Mitsos & Browne 1998 - concluded girls = more successful in coursework as they're more dilligent workers & better organised TEACHERS ATTENTION: boys and girls got diff attention Jane & French 1993 - analysed classroom interaction, found = boys received more attention because they attracted more reprimands. CHALLENGING STEROTYPES: removal of stereotypes from textbooks removes barrier to achivement MARKETISTAION girls are more likley tpo be accepted to better schools bcs they want better grades

Answer 9

external: IMPACT OF FEMINISM since 1960 womens self esteem and amibtions have increased and laws have changed MCROBBIE 1994- study of girls magazine in 1970 it emphasised motherhood and now shows independent women CHANGES IN FAMILY- -increased divorce + cohabitation + lone families affecting womens view as sincreased women lead families where women take on breadwinner CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT -1970 equal pay act -1975 sex descrimination act Greater career opportunities & better pay & role models = incentive for girls to gain qualifications. GIRLS CHANGING AMBITIONS SUE SHARP interview study 1970=low aspiration + succes is unfeminine 1990=see future as independant woman

Answer 10

external: IMPACT OF FEMINISM since 1960 womens self esteem and amibtions have increased and laws have changed MCROBBIE 1994- study of girls magazine in 1970 it emphasised motherhood and now shows independent women CHANGES IN FAMILY- -increased divorce + cohabitation + lone families affecting womens view as sincreased women lead families where women take on breadwinner CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT -1970 equal pay act -1975 sex descrimination act Greater career opportunities & better pay & role models = incentive for girls to gain qualifications. GIRLS CHANGING AMBITIONS SUE SHARP interview study 1970=low aspiration + succes is unfeminine 1990=see future as independant woman internal: EQUAL OPPOURTUNITIES GIST - girls into science & technology. WISE - women into science & engineering = encourage girls to pursue careers in non traditional areas. Female scientists visit schools acting as role models POSITIVE ROLE MODELS Increase in female teachers & heads = positive role models for girls = show them women can achieve GCSE AND COURSEWORK Way pupils are assessed favoured girls & disadvantaged boys. Mitsos & Browne 1998 - concluded girls = more successful in coursework as they're more dilligent workers & better organised TEACHERS ATTENTION: boys and girls got diff attention Jane & French 1993 - analysed classroom interaction, found = boys received more attention because they attracted more reprimands. CHALLENGING STEROTYPES: removal of stereotypes from textbooks removes barrier to achivement MARKETISTAION girls are more likley tpo be accepted to better schools bcs they want better grades

Answer 11

The 2022 GCSE results show a 5.7% gender gap, with 52.5% of girls and 46.8% of boys achieving grade 5 and above in GCSE Maths and English Maths is the only subject where there is no gender gap - with 65% of both males and females achieved grade 5 and above gap is larger for humanities

Answer 12

symbolic violence leads them to seek alternative ways of creating self worth and staus via brands this leads to conflict with school dress code

Answer 13

MC tatses gain symbolic capital which is recognised by schools BOUDIOU - this creates symbolic violence as wc taste are seen as inferior leads to w/c chasing nike identity (archer) symbolic violence leads them to seek alternative ways of creating self worth and staus via brands this leads to conflict with school dress code

Answer 14

TEACHERS EXPECTATION ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSON - picked 20% of pupils randomly and told the school that these 20% are 'spurters' falsely. A year later they found out that spurters have made the most significant progress. LABELLING teachers label their students on the baisis of sterotyped assumptions abt background BECKER - study of 60 chicago high schools found pupils are judged on how closley they fit into the idea of ideal pupil SELF FUFFILING PROPHECY STREAMING BECKER - WC children are more likely to find themselves put in a lower stream. Once streamed it is usually difficult to move up - no hope PUPIL SUBCULTURE POLARISATION - process in which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite poles or extremes, e.g. pro-school/anti-school subculture. nike identities

Answer 15

high schools- BECKER - study of 60 chicago high schools found pupils are judged on how closley they fit into the idea of ideal pupil primary school- RISTS - study on kindergardebns found MC - neat and clean appearance. They were seated nearest to the teacher and showed them great encouragement. Other groups such as 'clowns' SEATED FURTHER AWAY TONEY SEWELL - black masculinity is seen as threatning due to teachers racist socialisation CONNOLLY - soth asian boys are labbeled as high performers

Answer 16

BARRY SUGARMANS 4 W/C SUBCULTURE VALUES * IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION - play rather than have deffered gratification * FATALISM- acceptence/ it is what it is so why work * PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION- lack of future planning * COLLECTIVISM - not tryna go up w out your bros

Answer 17

suggest w/c have inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge that prevent them from achiveing 1)LACK OF PARENTAL INTEREST- no parental influnce 2)LESS ABLE TO HELP CHILDREN W HOMEWORK - due to shift work 3)RESTRICTED CODE - school system + exam board speak in elaborated code - BASIL BERSTEIN 4)SINGLE PARENTS - MELANIE PHILLIPS argued that w/c are more likely to have this therfore have less help 5)BARRY SUGARMANS 4 W/C SUBCULTURE VALUES * IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION - play rather than have deffered gratification * FATALISM- acceptence/ it is what it is so why work * PRESENT TIME ORIENTATION- lack of future planning * COLLECTIVISM - not tryna go up w out your bros

Answer 18

gibson + asthana (1999) pointed out correlation between low income and poor performance low income can affect performance via: external: 1)COLD+DAMP CONDITIONS- low income households could lead to higher abscence 2)POOR DIET- skipping meals = less concentration (national education union survey of 8000 teachers - 75% had fatigue and lack of concentration due to poverty) 3)HIDDEN COSTS-books + educational toys + computers 4)STUDY SPACE- low income householdsare smaller leaving less quiet study space 5)FEAR OF DEBT-tuition fee anxiety (connor - tuituion fefs in HE put w/c off) 6)PART TIME WORK- less study time 7)NO PRESCHOOL EDUCATION- no pre primary school boost 8)BAD SCHOOL AREA- poor area tend to have worse schools and less moeny to move to good area (STEPHEN BALL - marketisation means those who have more money have btter choice of school) eval- deterministic also culturally deprived

Answer 19

-enforces patriarchy -favours men -men hold doinance in education system heaton + lawson - hidden curiculum is main source of gender socialisation in school: * 1) childrens books and textbooks make women look dependant on men * 2)girls feel uncofmy around boys in class (resaerch into comp sci. class shows boys colonise space w out teacher intervention) * 3)teachers have sexist ideas (boys move chairs, girls clean) * 4)national curriculum does place equality on sterotypically genderef sports (football = boys = lots of attention, nteball = no attention) * 5)men outnumber women in senior management setting expectations for young men not women

Answer 20

involves cokmpanies taking over diffent asoects of uk education system allowing the gov to spend more money on sector -e.g. academies are allowed to seek 10% of fundng from businesses or charities

Answer 21

establishment of makret in education -giving parents the right to choose e.g. open enrolment + leuge tables

Answer 22

policies that allow schools to select pupils based on academic ability or other criteria policies include: -1944 education act / tripartite system (established 3 types of schools: grammer, technical(more vocational work) and secondary) -comprehensove 1965 (replaced tripartite system and made one school for all people) -1988 education act -selction since 1988 -independent schools and selection

Answer 23

2010 conervative + liberal demovrat educational policies designed to introduce more choice, competitioon and efficency such as * forced academisation (schools which received an OFSTED grading of satisfactory or below were forced to convert to academies) * free schools (A Free School [https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/free-schools] in England is a type of Academy, a non-profit-making, state-funded school which is free to attend. Free schools are not controlled by a Local Authority (LA) but instead governed by a non-profit charitable trust.) * increasing university tuition fees policies aimed at promoting educatiuonal oppoutrunity * fairness premium (he Coalition expanded early years education so that disadvantaged two to four year olds were entitled to 15 hours per week of pre-school educatio to increase language skills in disadvanted ppl) * bursey

Answer 24

* fairness premium (he Coalition expanded early years education so that disadvantaged two to four year olds were entitled to 15 hours per week of pre-school educatio to increase language skills in disadvanted ppl)

Answer 25

schools which received an OFSTED grading of satisfactory or below were forced to convert to academies)

Answer 26

(A Free School [https://www.gov.uk/types-of-school/free-schools] in England is a type of Academy, a non-profit-making, state-funded school which is free to attend. Free schools are not controlled by a Local Authority (LA) but instead governed by a non-profit charitable trust. EVAL- THEY DRAIN MONEY FROM LOCAL SCHOOLS AS PARENTS WITHRDAW THEIR YUTE TO MOVE THEM HERE

Answer 27

-education maintenence allowence * bursery -every child matters after high profile child abuse cases child welfare was public concern leadint to this prograsmme which focused on * being healthy * staying safe * enjoyment and achieving * making positive contibutions * achieving economic wellbeing matters -sure start programmed aimed to improve outcomes of young children which: * improved affordable early year education and childcare * raise parents self esteem * improve child health * act as coomunity hub -academies * recive funding direct from gov cutting out local education authorities allowing them to choose acceptance rates term dates etc specialist schools * policy whervy if 50k was raised by sponsors the gov would match it kickstarting the schl to specialise in a subject allowing for parents to schoose a certain subjecy curriculum reform * teaching of basic skills (it, literacy) * personalised learning for certains * citizenship introduced for social solidairty * made national curiculum flexible increased focus on testing

Answer 28

after high profile child abuse cases child welfare was public concern leadint to this prograsmme which focused on * being healthy * staying safe * enjoyment and achieving * making positive contibutions * achieving economic wellbeing

Answer 29

COMMUNITY HUB programmed aimed to improve outcomes of young children which: * improved affordable early year education and childcare * raise parents self esteem * improve child health * act as coomunity hub

Answer 30

* recive funding direct from gov cutting out local education authorities allowing them to choose acceptance rates term dates etc

Answer 31

* policy whervy if 50k was raised by sponsors the gov would match it kickstarting the schl to specialise in a subject allowing for parents to schoose a certain subjecy * -parentocracy

Answer 32

* teaching of basic skills (it, literacy) * personalised learning for certains * citizenship introduced for social solidairty * made national curiculum flexible

Answer 33

new labour= tony blairs labour they wanted m/c votes so follwed new right ideology hence new labour they created policies to ptomote inclusion such as: -curiculum reform -specialist chools -academies -sure start acronymn - CASS

Answer 34

eval +gcse grades have incresed in past 30 yrs * could b argued that it coulda happened w out marketisation +no gov thought of anything better since -schools teach to test bcs of league tables not teach to educate -mental health due to tets(One recent 2018 survey of primary school teachers [https://neu.org.uk/press-releases/sats-do-not-benefit-childrens-learning-and-are-bad-their-well-being-neu-survey]found that more than 90% of primary school teachers think SATS impact negatively on their pupils' well-being.) -rich ppl have more choice than poor(transport + moragdeg cost) -the best schools pick best pupils STEPHEN BALL- middle class parent want good schl nd vice vers bcs m/c grades are higher -polarisation - best schools get better worse get worse -more testing = more negatuve labeling

Answer 35

allocate pupils into local schls prior to this act parents had no say

Answer 36

introduced marketisation into education with league tables and open enrolement{this is where yu can pick multiple options nd specify one as first choice} (marketisation + parentocracy) also added: narional curiculum gcse ofsted formula funding{more money from gov for more yute}

Answer 37

new right belibe jn; parentocracy marketisation chubb and moe - The marketisation of education -state run education imposes a single type of school regardless of wishes/ needs of parents -free market should exist in education -argument is based off a study where 60k pupils from low income families who attended 1015 state/ private schools , it was found low income families do 5% better in private school new right policies in education: league tables marketisation - education makret - schools run lile firm league tables give parents an informed choice of what school to send their child schools therefore compete lile firm as they compete in quality of edu to recive gov money new vocationalism subjects should teach how to work to stimulate econ growth national curriculm create shared values eval: -forced national curricul contradics freedom in market -competition neglects rural communities with inabality to freely switch schl

Answer 38

believes free-market principles are the best way to organise society. The New Right is a political movement in the UK which has applied neoliberal thinking to social policies neo believe in: -deregultion -fewer worker protections -privatisation -less taxs

Answer 39

2018/19 only 41% of pupils eligible for free school meals achieved at least grade 4 or C in English. and maths compared to 69% from others

Answer 40

the NEO MARXIST willis critises traditional marx view that school makes us subordinate as some activley reject the rulling class ideology - yet he argues due to the lads counter culture people still leave schhol as a member of an easiy explotable workforce studied 12 w/c rebelious boys and decribed their relationship as a counter-culture with the characteristics: 1) feel superior to others 2)put no value on academic work 3)objective of school was to miss as much as possible this results in an explotable workforce as due to a lack of qualifications often these men are subjected to low paying manual labour jobs in which they would be incapable of rising corporate ranks EVALUATION -lacks generalisability - only conducted on 12 white boys from one school EVIDENCE -supports view that w/c put no value on academic work: 2018/19 only 41% of pupils eligible for free school meals achieved at least grade 4 or C in English. and maths compared to 69%

Answer 41

* Passive subservience of pupils to teachers corresponds to Passive subservience of workers to managers * Acceptance of hierarchy (authority of teachers) corresponds to Authority of managers * Motivation by external rewards (grades not learning) corresponds to being Motivated by wages not the joy of the job

Answer 42

REPRODUCE CLASS INEQUALITY -middle class are more likely to succeed in school and workforce bcs of higher cultural + material capital * evidence - longitudibnal study found that socioeconomic status and private schooling affect individuals chance of succces as results show ''An individual who has a parent who is a manager and who attended a private school is around 7 percentage points more likely to enter the highest status occupations.' LEGITIMATES CLASS INEQUALITY -uses myth of meritocracy to brainwash people into accepting their status TRANSMITS CAPITALIST IDEOLOGY -socialises children to accept authority, heirachy and labour * bowles and gintis correspondence prinicple * critism -Henry Giroux, says the theory is too deterministic. He argues that working class pupils are not entirely molded by the capitalist system, and do not accept everything that they are taught

Answer 43

2)socialise into 2 values: 1- value of achievement 2-value of equality of oppourtunity value of achivement - gained through schools rewarding high results value of equal oppourunity - gained through observing how everyone is equal in tests (meritocracy) * both winners and loosers will see system as fair due to value of equality and would try harder to achive due to value of achivement (harder worker = better for firms) * this is imprtant for society and individuals - modern society requires workforce which neccessitates differential reward for differential achivemnt - EVAL- marxist - correspondence priciple marxist - myth of meritocracy - wealthier students from higher socio-economic backgrounds still, in 2022, get better results

Answer 44

1)school acts a bridge into wider society from the family for children -it is imprtant for a child to move from the particulasristic standards and ascribed status of the family to the universalistic standards and achieved status in society * universalistic standards are introduced in education as the same standards are applied to all students * achieved status is introduced via education from pupils performance in examinations

Answer 45

1)school acts a bridge into wider society from the family for children -it is imprtant for a child to move from the particulasristic standards and ascribed status of the family to the universalistic standards and achieved status in society * universalistic standards are introduced in education as the same standards are applied to all students * achieved status is introduced via education from pupils performance in examinations 2)socialise into 2 values: 1- value of achievement 2-value of equality of oppourtunity value of achivement - gained through schools rewarding high results value of equal oppourunity - gained through observing how everyone is equal in tests (meritocracy) * this is imprtant for society and individuals - modern society requires workforce which neccessitates differential reward for differential achivemnt - both winners and loosers will see system as fair due to value of equality and would try harder to achive due to value of achivement (harder worker = better of fitrms) EVAL- marxist - correspondence priciple marxist - myth of meritocracy

Answer 46

a society in which everyone can agree on goals, morals and ethics. This is a Functionalist view, as they believe that without the value consensus, social order is impossible.

Answer 47

IN CHILDHOOD STATUS IS TYPICALLY ASCRIBED in adult life in wider society status is widely achieved for example via occupational skills

Answer 48

individuals in wider society are treated and judged in the terms of universal standards

Answer 49

this is where a parent does judge their child by comparison to others rather judging them on thier own unique criteria

Answer 50

status given to one at birth and is fixed (sex / race e.t.c)

Answer 51

-this describes the norms and values that are taught indirectly by proxy of teaching other subjects e.g. the concept of punctuality is taught through punishment given to lateness despite punctuality not being a subject

Answer 52

SOCIAL SOLIDARITY * the teaching of a countrys history gradually socialising children into a sense of solidarity and shared heritage eval- marxists argue that we dont gain shared solidarity values rather education transmits the values of the ruling class SPECIALIST SKILLS * education teaches specialist knowledge that are needed for an idnividuals place in the social division of labour - this acts as hidden curiculum

all-1716139341 Flashcards

(77 cards)