all-1717273418 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
what are the 4 main aspects of migration and globalisation?
A
- feminisation of migration
- globalisation of the gender division of labour : female migrants are given
stereotyped roles as carers or providers of sexual services - migrant identities - ERIKSEN 2007 - transnational identities
- glbalisation causes the back and forth movement between cultures so they dont
see themselves as belonging to one - they develop TN culture
- modern tech means we can do this w out travel
- migration and policies
- policies exist to control migration these policies have been linked to
aanti-terrorism polcies - assimilation - encouageing migrants to intergrate
- multiculturalism - accepts migrants desire to retain seperate cultural
identity but in practice it is limited and superficial like food (shallow
diversity) - divided w/c assimilationist ideas may encourage blaming of unemployment on
migrants - differentiation
Cohen (2006) says there’s class differences between migrants. distinguishes
between :
> Citizens (full rights, e.g. voting rights)
> Denizens (privileged foreign nationals, e.g. billionaire ‘oligarchs’)
> Helots (disposable labour power found in unskilled, poorly paid work. they
include illegally trafficked workers)
2
Q
outline difference between push and pull factor
A
‘PUSH’ factors : e.g. unemployment and economic recession
‘PULL’ factors : e.g. higher wages or better opportunities
3
Q
sociological explanations on the ageing population
A
PHILLIPSON (MARXIST):
The old are of no use to capitalism because they are no longer productive and an
economically dependent group, adding to the dependency ratio.
HUNT (POSTMODERNIST):
We can choose our identity no matter what our age is: our age no longer
determines who we are. As a result of this, the elderly become a market for body
maintenance and rejuvenation services and goods, such as cosmetic surgery, gym
membership and anti-ageing products.
4
Q
reasons for ageing population
A
The average age in the UK isincreasing because of:
- Increased life expectancy
- Low infant mortality rate
- Declining fertility
5
Q
what are the effects of an ageing population
A
1)strain on public service
(older people consume more health and social services)
2)more one person pensioner households
(now accts for 1/7 households)
3)rising dependency ratio
(the non-working need to be provided for by those of working age)
4)agism
(age statuses are socially constructed and old age is often constructed as
negitive)
6
Q
A
7
Q
impact of declining birth rate
A
- more women can go into work which means there are more dual earner couples
- fewer children reduces the ‘burden of dependency’ on the working population
- effect on public services : there are fewer schools and child health services
needed. less needs to be spent on maternity and paternity leave.
8
Q
whareasons for the decline in birth rate
A
1) CHANGES IN POSITION OF WOMEN - increased educational oppourtunities, more
women in paid work, change in attitude in family life, wider access to abortion
and contraception
2)FALL IN INFANT MORTALITY RATE - improved housing, sanitation, nutrition,
knowledge or hygiene, improved tech, antibiotics
3)CHILDREN AS AN ECONOMIC LIABILITY - laws banning child labour + compulsary
education = children remain economically dependant for longer, social norms of
childrens rights changed making them more spenny
4)CHILD CENTREDNESS - childhood is a socially constructed unique stage of life,
focus is changed to quality not quantity meaning they have fewer yutes but more
attention on each
9
Q
define total fertility rate
A
number of births per 1000 of population per year
10
Q
domestic violence : materialist explanation
COUPLES
A
- lack of resources : Wilkinson + Pickett (2010) say the result of stress on
family caused by social inequality. families that lack resources means more
stress and this increases the risk of DV - Marxist feminists like Ansley say that male workers exploited at work take out
frustration on wives.
BUT:
- fails to explain why not all male workers do DV
11
Q
dobash and dobash - radical feminist view on dv
COUPLES
A
- Dobash + Dobash : violence is triggered when husbands felt their authority was
being challenged. they conclude that marriage legitimises violence by giving
power to men.
BUT:
- doesn’t explain violence against men or by women against husbands, kids and
lesbian partners.
12
Q
domestic violence : radical feminist explanation
COUPLES
A
men opress women mainly through the family
DV enables men to control women so it’s inevitable in patriarchal society
- men also dominate the state. this is why police and courts fail to take DV
seriously. - Dobash + Dobash : violence is triggered when husbands felt their authority
was being challenged. they conclude that marriage legitimises violence by giving
power to men.
BUT:
- doesn’t explain violence against men or by women against husbands, kids and
lesbian partners.
13
Q
statistics on dv
COUPLES
A
1 in 6 men expirince it
1 in 4 women expirience it
14
Q
what are the two explanations for inequalities in decision making between
couples?
COUPLES
A
MATERIAL
> men have more power bc they earn more
> women are more economically dependent so have less say
CULTURAL
> feminists say gender role socialisation in patriarchal society instils the
idea that men are decision makers.
15
Q
according to pahl and voglers what wys is money split between couples
COUPLES
A
Pahl + Vogler (1993):
- allowance system : men work and give their non-working wives an allowance.
they budget this to meet the family’s needs. - pooling : partners work and have joint responsibility for spending (e.g. joint
bank accounts) - there’s a big increase in pooling but men still tend to make major decisions.
16
Q
link between decision making and paid work
COUPLES
A
- men have a greater control and say over decisions because they earn more.
Pahl + Vogler (1993):
- allowance system : men work and give their non-working wives an allowance.
they budget this to meet the family’s needs. - pooling : partners work and have joint responsibility for spending (e.g. joint
bank accounts) - there’s a big increase in pooling but men still tend to make major decisions.
17
Q
cultural explanation of the gender division of labour COUPLES
A
- patriarchal norms shape gender roles. women perform more domestic work because
that’s what society expects and has socialised them to do. - Kan (2001) : younger men do more domestic work showing that its due to gender
norms as younger generations break down these norms
18
Q
material explanation of the gender division of labour
COUPLES
A
- women earn less than men, so it’s economically rational for them to do more
domestic labour - Ramos (2003) : where the woman is the FT breadwinner and the man is
unemployed, they do equal amounts of domestic work
19
Q
list ways in which couples are considered to be becoming more equal or not
COUPLES
A
for
- increase in same sex couples
- MOP
agasinst
- responbility for children
- triple shift + dual burden
20
Q
more equality in couples : same-sex couples and gender scripts
COUPLES
A
- radical feminists argue that heterosexual relationships are inevitably
patriarchal and unequal, even when both are in paid work. this contrasts w
same-sex relationships. - lesbian couples : don’t link gender to household tasks. they’re more open to
negotiation and therefore more equal
21
Q
more equality in couples : responsibility for ‘quality time’
COUPLES
A
- women take responsibility for managing the family’s quality time
- leads to what Dunscombe and Marsden call the ‘triple shift’
22
Q
more equality in couples : responsibility for children
COUPLES
A
- fathers help with specific tasks but mum takes responsibility for the child’s
well-being - Dex + Ward : only 1% of fathers took the main responsibility for caring for a
sick child
23
Q
feminist perspective on if there is more equality in couples
COUPLES
A
NO
- dual burden : paid + domestic work
- triple shift : emotion work, paid work + domestic work
- responsible for children
24
Q
what are the 2 types of conjugal roles according to Bott
COUPLES
A
MOP VIEW : Bott (1957)
- established 2 types of conjugal roles:
1) segregated : sharp division of labour between male BW and female HM. spend
leisure time separately
2) joint : couples share domestic tasks and leisure time.
25
is domestic division of labour equal : symmetrical family
MOP
COUPLES
Young and Willmott studied segregated conjugal roles in wc families in Bethnal
Green during the 1950s.
MOP VIEW : Young + Willmott ( 1973)
- see a long-term trend towards joint conjugal roles and the symmetrical family.
-roles are more equal and similar:
-more women go out to work
- men help w domestic tasks
caused by
* improved tech(labour saving devices)
* changes in womens position
26
is domestic division of labour equal : Feminist perspective
COUPLES
- reject the MOP view because the family is still patriarchal women still do
most of the housework and childcare
ANN OAKLEY - tasks which men do a few and far between while also being easier
in nature
* she found husbands are more likely to work in childcare than housework as it
is more pleasing
* - Oakley (1974) : no evidence of symmetry in domestic labour. men's role has
been exaggerated. 'helping' could just mean ironing their own shirts once a
week.
27
domestic division of labour : functionalist view
COUPLES
Parsons (1995)
- two roles that are based on biological differences. they benefit both spouses,
their children and wider society.
1) expressive : female nurturer and carer.
2) instrumental : male breadwinner, financially responsible
- the New Right agree with this.
28
social policy
outline employment protection act
1975 - EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION ACT
-prior women had maternity leave buy were often sacked
how does this affect the family?
* maternity pay increases for more children
* increased sizes of families
pro nuclear family?
* underminded gender roles
29
general maternity + paternity laws
SOCIAL POLICY
men are only entitled to up to 2 weeks
women could go up to 39 weeks or 52 weeks unpaid
30
social policy
outline the civil partnership act
2004 - CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT
-gave gay people same rights as those in civil marriage such as exemption on
inheretence tax pension ebniofits e.t.c
how does this affect the family?
* increase in legally recognised same-sex couples
* same-sex couples became more visible
pro nuclear family?
* undermines
31
social policy
outline the 1969 divorce act
1969 - DIVORCE ACT
prior one partner had to prove the other was 'at fault' to gain divorce
how does this affect the family?
* rapid increase in divorce
* increase in lone-parent + step family
pro nuclear family?
* undermined
32
how does this affect the family
SOCIAL POLICY
1969 - DIVORCE ACT
-prior one partner had to prove the other was 'at fault' to gain divorce
how does this affect the family?
* rapid increase in divorce
* increase in lone-parent + step family
pro nuclear family?
* undermined
1975 - EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION ACT
-prior women had maternity leave buy were often sacked
how does this affect the family?
* maternity pay increases for more children
* increased sizes of families
pro nuclear family?
* underminded gender roles
1974 - CHILD BENIFITS ACT
how does this affect the family?
* increase in family size
* increase in lone-parent families
pro nuclear family?
undermined
1988 - CHANGE TO CHILD BENINIFTS
-this is the abolisition of 50p extra lone parents
how does this affect the family?
* reduction in lone parent families
pro nuclear family?
* supported
2004 - CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ACT
-gave gay people same rights as those in civil marriage such as exemption on
inheretence tax pension ebniofits e.t.c
how does this affect the family?
* increase in legally recognised same-sex couples
* same-sex couples became more visible
pro nuclear family?
* undermines
2005 - ADOPITON ACT
how does this affect the family?
* increase in same - sex families
pro nuclear family?
* undermined
2013- MEANS TESTED CHILD BENIFITS
how does this affect the family?
* no child benifits for people who earn over 60k
* possible reduction in larger familes
pro nuclear family?
* neutral
2013 - PATERNITY ACT +
2015 - SHARED PARENTAL LEAVE
how does this affect the family?
* greater eqality between gender roles
* increased no. of male role models
pro nuclear family?
* undermines tradional gender roles
2017 - 2 CHILD TAX CREDIT POLICY
* no extra benifit after 2nd child
* decrease in larger families
33
general definition for social policy
SOCIAL POLICY
plans and actions of state agencies such as health and social services and the
welfare system or other bodies.
34
reasons for the changes in patterns of lone parent families
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
-increase in lone parent families lead to this when they find bf or gf
-
35
statistic of step families
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
10% of all families
36
reasons for changes in lone parent families + new right opinion
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
-decline stigma
-increased divorce
charles murray-
caused by overgenerous welfare causing welfare dependency
37
reasons for change in childbearing
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
there is a increase in birth outside marriage due to decline in stigma and
increase cohabitation
• later age for women having children and them having smaller famalies is due to
women's change in position. as they carry out education for longer and also
childcenterdness wanna focus more on heir children and children costs for
bringing them up are increasing
38
social policies introduced over gay rights
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
2004 civil right patnership that sex couples have similar legal rights such as
pensions , inheritance , properties
39
reasons for increase number of cohabitation
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
• decline in stigma in 1989 44% people agreed with sex outside marriage but now
raised to 65%
• young people are more likely to accept cohabitation
• increased career opportunities women need less financial security
• young people with no religion are more likely to
40
why has remarriage numbers increased
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
- more divorces which has resulted in more re-marriages from at least one
partner
41
reasons for change of pattern of marriage
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
1. changing attitudes of marriage
less pressure to marry as people have more freedom for individuals to choose the
relationship and path they want
- not a norm now for people to get married and live together for ever
2. secularisation
- the churches are in favour of marriage but as influences decline people feel
more freer choose not to get married as there is less pressure by their religion
also churches may not marry people who want to remarry
3. decline in stigma attached to marriage
- isn't stigmatised or seen bad to cohabit or have kids outside marriage or to
not be marriaged
70% in 1989 believed that couples who want children should wait until there
married but now only 42% believe this
4. changes in position of women
- better educational opportunities their less economically dependent on men
which means they don't have to marry due to money and may not have as much time
for children or marriage
5. fear of divorce
- rising divorce rates means that many people are put off that their marriage
may end in divorce so there may not be a point
42
reasons for higher divorce rates
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
1) changes in law
* 19th century was mad hard to divroce
* 1923 law so both genders can divorce
* divorces became cheaper in 1949
2) womens position
3)stigma
4)secularisation
5) rising expectations of marriage
fletcher - FUNCTIONALIST - due to ppl expecxting sm due to media they go to
remary
6)
43
statistics to show change in rate of divorces
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
2001 was 6 times higher than 1961
44
what causes changes occour to families and households
CHANGING PATTERNS IN FAMILY
1)divorce
2)re-marriges
3)cohabitation
4)one-parent households
5)choosing to marry later in life
45
HOW HAS POSITION OF CHILDREN IMPROVED
MARCH OF PROGRESS
young + wilmot: although socity isnt fully equal it is reducing
inequality(general theory)
* protected from harm (child labour laws)
* provided specialist to help flourish (teachers)
CHILD CENTEREDNESS
victorian era - children are seen not heard
present - focal point of family and centre of decisions made
* this is bcs of less hours in working week from 70-80 hours to 43 + smaller
family
LEGAL IMPROVEMNT
* compulsary education
46
disapperence of childhood
jenks
claims not disapearing but changing
having children in modern day is attempt for adults to grasp stability in
unstable society
because of this goal from having yutes parents become more prtective
this gives chilodren a seperate status as they need protection and survelience
47
REASONS FOR CHANGE IN POSITION OF CHILDREN
outline:Declining family size and lower infant mortality rates
These have encouraged parents to make a greater financial and emotional
investment in the fewer children they now have
48
REASONS FOR CHANGE IN POSITION OF CHILDREN
outline: Child protection and welfare legislation
The 1989 Prevention of Cruelty to Childrrn Acf
(social services)
49
REASONS FOR CHANGE IN POSITION OF CHILDREN
List reasons as to why the position of children improved in the 19th and 20th
centuries
Laws restricting child labour
The introduction of compulsory schooling
Child protection and welfare legislation
Declining family size and lower infant mortality rates
Laws and policies specifically for children- smoking, sex
50
historical changes in childhood
industrial era + modern era
this is where ARIES argues where childhood began to be socially constructed
restrictions were placed on child labour
schools were more coomon
phase of childhood was created where dchildren were dependent on adults
this leads to modern era where children are seen as needing to be protected and
hold innocence due to being part of a seperate culture to adults
51
historical changes in childhood
19th century
children worked in factories
equal shifts to adults
equal punishemnt by law in court
52
historical changes in childhood
16th and 17th century
* phippe ARIES:
showed that childhood did not exist as when out of infacy dstsge they worked in
community and were seen as miniature adults
* portraits of these children depicted them as mini adults
53
how has postmoderninity changed the family
rise of consumer culture + individual choice
* people expect choice over what good or service they buy which also applies to
relationships
technological changes and media saturation
* dating apps lead to serial monogomy
changes to work
* less time for relationshiops casuing more breakdown
change to gender norms
* lgbt families
decline of religion
* divorce + lgbt
globvalisation
* ethnic diversity in family type
54
what do postmodernist argue in contexct of families
in postmodern society there isnt one typical famioly type
Since the 1950s we have seen a shift to a postmodern society
[https://revisesociology.com/2016/04/09/from-modernity-to-post-modernity/] which
is more global, fragmented (fractured), culturally diverse, consumerist, media
saturated,
Individualisation thesis
traditional social structures has lost power
people now have freedom to decide how to live their life
55
new right view on the role of the family
the nuclear family is only type to socialise properly
murray
introduction of welfare state and increase in single parent family has caused an
overall decline in morality in society
* ev- Children from broken homes are nine times more likely to become young
offenders.
56
what is the liberal feminist perspective on the role of the family
dont blame family but blame patriarchy outside of family
unequal m aternity pay blocks women from workforce as it implies women must
leave for longer than men
no free child cvrae blocks women from re-entering work
57
what is the radical feminist perspective on the role of the family
allows for patriarchy by:
disagree w leberal femi view that increase in womens paid work is good
women have aquired a dual burden
some argue in triple shift
allows for dv
58
what is the marxist feminist oersoective on the role of the family
1) women reproduce the labour force
* socialise children to accept authority as they are left to do most childcare
2) women absorb anger
* ansley - women are takers of shit
* after men get mad at work
3)reserve army of cheap labour
* bcs family restricts women to work they are there as backup if men try strike
* eval - low gap in emplyment rate
59
criticiss of marxist view on the rolke of the family
* ignores the poituive funbctions of family and its benifts - functionalists
* Anthropologists have suggested that the emergence of the nuclear family
didn't actually coincide with the emergence of capitalism
60
what is zaretsky view on the role of the family
(marxist)
+eval
FAMILY IS UNIT OF CONSUMPTION
family props up capitalism as they are consumers and create the workforce and
then provide confort to these workers when exploited
CUSHIONING EFFECT
unlike parsons this specifies comfort for men after oppresion at work preventing
revolutioun
* eval - marxist feminist point out lack of notuice of how peak this is on
girls
61
what is engels view on the role of the family
(marxist)
* monogomous nuclear family exists as a means of passing down private property
so the wealthy maintain their wea;th
* womens position in family is similar to prostituties- split deal for sex and
money
62
what is althussers view on the role of the family
(marxist)
its an ideologicak state apparatus - supress the w/c by manipulating the way we
think
63
what does PARSONS argue the role of the family is
(functionalist)
-primary socialisation - for kids
personality stabilastion - emotional support for adults from pressure due to
society
warm bath theory - sooths problems away
64
what does MURDOCK argue the role of family is
(functionalist)
studied 250 socities and found -
4 main functions;
sexual - expressing sexuality in a socially approved context
reproduction
socialisation
economic - support and shelter for members
murdock sees this as neccesary in any society hence why nuclear family is found
in every society
65
MARXIST view on social policy
* prevent wcr - free education + healthcare is evidance of class struggle as
w/c won these rights out of the r/c fears
* polciices are a smoke screen to hide the neagtives and make life seem better
* maintain labour force - healthcare only is free to get everyone back to work
as fast as possible
* welfare is bad to force work even when poor and on benifits
66
MURRAY - DEPENDENCY CULTURE
NEW RIGHT
culture of individuals whop take benifits rather than working
67
NEW RIGHT
view on social policy
negative view -
* threatens nuclear family - welfare encourages women to be single mothers
* divorce is too easy
68
FUNCTIONALIST
view on social policy
positive view -
* takes pressure off of family responsibilities = allowing them to concentrate
on proper socialisation
69
Individualisation thesis
postmodern
postmodernist term:
traditional social structures has lost power
people now have freedom to decide how to live their life
70
5 types of family rapport
~~~elaborate~~~
1 organisational diversity (some have joint and other have seperate conjugal
roles)
2 cultural diversity - different cultures have diff structures in family
3- social class diversity - different social classes have different family
structures
4-life stage diversity - family structure differs on life stage
5 generatiojnal diversity - older and younger generations have differeny views
and structures
71
murray - view on lone parents
NEW RIGHT
murray - sees the growth of lone parent families as resulting in an
over-generous welfare state providing benifits for unmaried mothers
he thinks we gotta abolish welfare because it creates PERVERSE INSCENTIVES
72
causes of lower marriage rates
* its okay to have yute w out marriage now
* declining stigma against alternative (cohabitation)
* woman can now persue their own career
* fear of divorce because it is shown in media to be so likely
73
casues for increase in divorce
* changes in law
* declinng stigma against it
* secularisation
* womans increased financial dependency
* society helping women to speak upon DV
74
effects of aging population
public services -
* older people require more healthcare
dependancy ratio increases as more dependants and less new workers
* this can be fixed by immagration
75
causes of ageing population
1 - increased life expectancey (better nutrition, better healthcare)
2- decrease in infant mortality(creates child centredness - in past people had
to have hella yutes to make up for dead ones)
3- declining fertility (more childless adults)
76
vanashing children argument
that due to decrease in birth rate and amount of siblings and increase in
childless adults = children have less of voice (they loose power)
77
Dependency ratio
the relationship between the size of the working population and the non working
(dependent) population
78
reasons for decline of birth rate
~~~elaborate~~~~
-changes in womens poisition
-decline in infant mortality rate
-children are now economic liability (they dont work they just cost moeny)
-child centredness (shift from quantity to quality of life)
79
Feminist view on family
liberal - patriarchy is outside of family
marxist - women reproduce labour force and soak the frustration men have from
labour
radical - allows for patrarchy dobash + dobash
80
marxist view on family
+criticisms
ZARETSKY:
* family is unit of consuption
* cushioning effect
ENGELS
* passing of private property
* women are treated like prostirtutes
ALTHUSSER
* isa
critcisms
-assume that nuclear family is only type of family
feminist- argue it ignores patriarchal symetry shown between family and society
functionalist - ignores how family helps make society harmonious
-anthropologists found begining of nuclear family did not coincide with begining
of capitalism
81
functionalist view on the family
+criticisms of functionalist views
MURDOCK:
* satisfaction of sex drive
* reproduction of next generation
* socialisation of youth
* meeting members economic needs
PARSONS:
-primary socialisation - for kids
personality stabilastion - emotional support for adults from pressure due to
society
warm bath theory - sooths problems away
CRITICISM:
feminist- only satifies males needs neglecting women
marxist - sees family as serving to fit the needs of capotalism rather than
express need of the members
82
disapperence of childhood
POSTMAN
+eval
POSTMAN - argues that tv culture broke down boundaries between children and
adults
information heirachy of the past allowed adults to hide non-approprate info like
on sex money and violence - this made kids ignorance and innocent
tv culture blurs the boundary as no special skils like reading or navigating
info is required to consume info
eval-Opie (1993) did a number of years worth of research into children's
unsupervised games, rhymes and songs and argues that there is still strong
evidence of the continued existence of separate children's culture
83
reasons behind the change in position of childrenm
-law resticting child labour
-forced to go school
-child protection services (social services)
-children gaining rights (educatiojn, protetcion from abuse)
-declining infant mortality rate allos for more effort per child and less
chilodren
-industrialisation requires educated workforce (forces education)
84
the 'modern cult of childhood' `
schools are undewr influence of church making us protect children as 'creatures
of god'
childrens clothing began to differ to make a distinction - claiming its more
appropriate
books on how to raise child is evidance of child centredness
85
parental attitudes to children in the middle ages
higher death rate due to neglegence
because of this ppl had hella kids to make up for dead ones
this leads to more neglevct as there is more of them hence the idea of
responsibility is diluted
86
ARIES view of childhood in the middle ages
children entered society on the same terms as adults
* mini adults
* -started working asap
* -same duties as adults
evidance - art from the middle ages children were mini adults wearing same
clothes doing same tasks
87
non western view of childhood
-taking responsibility at very early age
PUNCH - rural bolivia - children work from 5
-less value placed on children being obediant
FIRTH- tikopia - children arent submissive to elders
-childrens sexual behaviour is viewd differently
MALLINOWSKI - south pasicific islanders - ammusment to children sex
-not as much child protection laws
this shows that childhood is a social contrsuct as it varies between cultures
88
western view of childhood
PLITCHER
plitcher - childhood is a seperate clear and distinct life stage where children
are protected
ev-Opie (1993) did a number of years worth of research into children's
unsupervised games, rhymes and songs and argues that there is still strong
evidence of the continued existence of separate children's culture
89
why is childhood a social contruct
the expiriences of childhood depend on the time period, locationand culture
it is created by socities and made to seem as the norm
90
dual burden
COUPLES
women must do paid and unpaid work (similar to triple shift minnus emotiojnal
work)
91
sociological perspectives:
explanantions behind DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
RADICAL FEMINIST -
-Dv is widespread and is inevitable due to patriarchy
-male domination in state institutions helps to explain why its harder for
females to report incidents
Materialist -
-inequalities in income and housing explain why some groups are more at risk
than others
(those in lower social class are more likely to be effected )
MARXIST FEMINIST-
ANSLEY - describes women as 'TAKERS OF SHIT' + DV is result of capitalism (men
get frustrated at work and take it out on wife)
92
examples of domestic violence
psychological
physical
verbal
sexual
financial
emotional
93
triple shift
COUPLES
duscombe
the 3 types of work that create a burden for women :
paid work
domestic work
emotional work
94
what social changes have helped make the family more equal
~~~~elaborate~~~~~
* changes in women position
* geographical mobility moving away from traditional homes
* new technologies and labour savijng devices
* hugher standards of living
95
march of progress
* young and wilmott (functionalists)
symetrical family
Young and Willmott studied segregated conjugal roles in wc families in Bethnal
Green during the 1950s.
as times are progressing there is a break from segregated congugal roles:
-women now go work
-men help with house and childcare
-couples now spend their leisure time together rather than away with freinds
96
joint conjugal roles
bott-
where the couple share tasks such as housework and chilcare and spend their
leisure time togther
97
segregated conjugal roles
bott-
where a couple have seperate roles;
male breadwinner
female home maker
expressive + instrumental
98
parsons - division of labour
(funbctionalist)
instrumental role- husband breadwinner
expressive role - primary socialisation of the children and meeting the families
emotional needs
